Term
| observed dead plant cells from an oak tree |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| observed cells through a microscope in 1600's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1838 found that plants are composed of cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1839 found that animals were composed of cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- all organisms are composed of cells
- the cell is the basic unit of organisms
- all cells come from pre-existing cells
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| plasma must be large enough to cell volume to regulate passage of materials |
|
Definition
| Cell Surface Are-to-Volume ratio |
|
|
Term
- referred to as "compound microscope
- 500 x's more resolution than the human eye
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two features that determine how clearly an object is viewed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- allows study of the ultrastructure of cells
- developed in 1950's
- 10,000 x's more resolution than the human eye
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two types of electron microscope |
|
Definition
transmission electron microscope
(TEM)
scanning electron microscope
(SEM)
|
|
|
Term
- bacteria and archaea
- DNA not enclosed in nuclues
- before the nucleus
- smaller
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- all other known organisms
- highly organized membrane-enclosed organelles
- true nucleus
- larger/ more complex
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- contains DNA
- bounded by nuclear envelope and double membrane perforated with nuclear pores
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
DNA forms
which is oranized into chromosomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Network of folded internal membranes |
|
Definition
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(ER) |
|
|
Term
- site of lipid synthesis
- does not contain ribosomes
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Ribosomes manufacture proteins
- contains ribosomes
- involved in membrane production
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| functions are: synthesis, storing and shipping of materials |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| series of flattened membranous sacs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- break down worn-out cell structures, bacteria and other substances
- small sacs of digestive enzymes
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sacs that function in digestion, pumping excess material, sotragem cell stabilizer, and are found in many protists and plants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- "Power House"
- sites of aerobic respiration
- converts energy to forms the cell can use
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| double membrane structure that carries out photosynthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inner membrane of chloroplasts encloses the stoma and takes the form of stacks of coins called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- provides structural support
- involved with transport of materials in the cell
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| internal framework of cytoskeleton is made up of |
|
Definition
| microtubules and microfilaments |
|
|
Term
| thin, moveable structures that project from cell surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anchored in a cell by basal body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| made up of material called cellulose, only found in plant cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the liquid part of the cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| complex dynamic structures made of lipid and protein moecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| functions of cell membranes |
|
Definition
- define cell as a compartment
- regulate passage of materials
- help organisms maintain homoestasis
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| selectively permeable or semipermiable |
|
|
Term
| phospholipid molecules are amphipathic and contain |
|
Definition
hydrophobic regions
hydrophillic regions |
|
|
Term
| oderly arrangement of phospholipid molecules make the cell membrane a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- flexible
- self-sealing
- can fuse with other membranes
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| integral membrane proteins |
|
|
Term
| integral proteins that extend completely through the membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| associated w/ the surface of the bilayer |
|
Definition
| peripheral membrane proteins |
|
|
Term
| name the functions of membrane protein |
|
Definition
- act as enzymes or receptors
- cell recognition
- structurally linking cells
|
|
|
Term
| net movement of a substance from a region of greater to lower concentration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
difference in the concentration of molecules across a membrane is called a
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| keeps molecules in constant motion causing the molecules to move randomly away from each other in a liquid oragas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- depends on temp. and size of molecules
- smaller molecules diffuse faster than larger
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when a concentration gradient no longer exists diffusion continues until the concentration of the molecules is the same on both sides of the membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| water passes through the selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher concetration to lower |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Hypertonic
- Hypotonic
- Isotonic
|
|
|
