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| in both cenral and peripheral nervous system. causes muscle contractions. loss of it can cause alzheimers |
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| nerve impulse activated in a neuron that travels down the axon and causes neurotransmitters to be released |
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| carrying signals to the brain |
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| once the excitory inputs reach the threshold, a uniform action potential occurs despite increases in intensity |
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| part of limbic system that controls emotion, aggression, and formation of emotional memory |
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| where processes such as planning and decision making occur |
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| part of temporal lobes that receives and processes info from both ears |
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| region of brain that translates thought into speech or signs |
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| region of brain attached to brain stem. controls motor coordination, posture, and balance, as well as ability to learn how to control body movements |
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| outer surface of the cerebrum, which is the portion that regulates higher cognitive and emotional functions |
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| the two halves of the cerebrum, connected by the corpus collosum |
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| allows for 3d x-rays of the brain |
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| branched fibers that receive incoming signals |
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| high levels cause schizophrenia, low levels cause parkinsons |
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| tracing of the brain's electric activity. used to show brain's response to stimuli |
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| group of chemicals classified as neuromodulators. a substance that modifies the activites of the postsynaptic neuron. control emotional behaviors |
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| information entering a neuron causing it to fire |
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| an action potential is produced when the stimulation in the neuron surpasses the threshold level |
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| portion of brain containing limbic system and hypothalamus. Controls the body's natural needs and drives (e.g. hunger). also partially responsible for memory, motivation, and some complex thinking |
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| motor control, cognitive activities such as planning, decision making, goal setting |
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| combines benifits of MRI and PET scan by detecting magnetic changes in flow of blood cells to brian |
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| cells that hold neurons together and ease transmission between neurons. also remove dead neurons and prevent poisons in the blood from reaching the brain |
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| Pioneered the use of electrical stimulation to probe structures deep in the brain |
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| Pioneered the use of electrical stimulation to probe structures deep in the brain |
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| part of limbic system involved in the acquisition of explicit memory |
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| brain structure that regulates motivated behavior (e.g. eating and drinking) and homestasis |
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| information entering a neuron that signals it not to fire |
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| children in orphanages who don't receive a mother's attention and touch are smaller than others of their age |
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| brain neuron that relays messages from sensory neurons to other interneurons or motor neurons |
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| numerical computation, direct fact retrieval, language skills, right visual field, logic, right side of body |
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| regulates emotional behavior, basic motivational urges, some memory, and major physiological functions |
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| way in which neurotransmitters in the synapse bind with the receptor sites on the dendrite |
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| way in which neurotransmitters in the synapse bind with the receptor sites on the dendrite |
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| brain imaging technique that scans the brain using magnetic fields and radio waves |
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| region of cerebral cortex which contrals the action of voluntary muscles |
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| neuron that caries messages away from the CNS and toward the muscles |
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| insulating material surrounding axons. increases speed of transmission |
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| nerve cell. receives, processes, or transmits information to other cells |
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| chemical which crosses the synapse between neurons and stimulates the postsynaptic neuron |
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| rear region of brain. contains the visual cortex |
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| subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that monitors the routine operation of the body's internal functions. |
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| region behind the frontal lobe and above the lateral fissure which contains somatosensory cortex. it processes sensory inputs from various body areas |
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| peripheral nervous system |
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| part of nervous system composed of nerves that connect the body's sensory receptors, muscles, glands, etc. to the CNS |
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| brain imaging that uses the radioactivity emitted by cells during different cognitive or behavioral activites |
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| changes in the performance of the brain. for example, creation of new synapses, changing functions of existing synapses |
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| neuron which receives the signal from the synapse |
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| neuron that sends the chemical signal across the synapse |
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| the postsynaptic membrane which contains the "locks" of the lock and key mechanism |
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| during absolute refractory period, the neuron cannot fire. During relative refractory period, the neuron will only fire if the stimulus is greater than what would ordinarily be necessary |
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| slight polarization of the fluid inside the neuron in comparison to the fluid outside. this provides the electrochemical means for a nerve cell to produce an action potential |
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| when the neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic cell is reabsorbed into the neuron |
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| Spatial skills, left side of body, left visual field, |
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| neurons responsible for converting external stimuli from the environment into internal stimuli that can be carried to the CNS |
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| envolved in arousal and other autonomic pricesses. |
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| subdivision of peripheral nervous system that connects the CNS to the skeletal muscles and skin |
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| region of parietal lobes that processes sensory input from various body areas |
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| psychologist who discovered that information perceived in the right goes to the left side of brain and vice versa. Tested on split brain patients |
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| gap between one neuron and another through which neurotransmitters travel |
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| relaying info across synapse |
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| responsible for the process of hearing. located below the lateral fissure, on the sides of each cerebral hemisphere |
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| responsible for the process of hearing. located below the lateral fissure, on the sides of each cerebral hemisphere |
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| responsible for the process of hearing. located below the lateral fissure, on the sides of each cerebral hemisphere |
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| ends of axons that store chemicals and release neurotransmitters into the synapse |
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| attached to the reticular formation. Channels incoming sensory info to the appropriate area of the cerebral cortex where it will be processed. |
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| attached to the reticular formation. Channels incoming sensory info to the appropriate area of the cerebral cortex where it will be processed. |
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| chemical level that neuron must reach to fire |
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| chemical level that neuron must reach to fire |
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| attached to the reticular formation. Channels incoming sensory info to the appropriate area of the cerebral cortex where it will be processed. |
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| chemical level that neuron must reach to fire |
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| ends of axons that store chemicals and release neurotransmitters into the synapse |
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| region of the occipital lobes in which visual info is processed |
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| left visual field goes to right hemisphere and vice versa |
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| region of the brain that allows fluent speech and comprehension |
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