Term
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Definition
Van Der Waals Force
Hydrogen Bonds |
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Term
| Van Der Waals Interaction |
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Definition
| Random inequalities in the orbital patterns of neighboring atoms can set up weak charge attractions (temporary) |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecular polarity allows the potential for four hydrogen bonds to be formed between each water molecule and four other water molecules |
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Term
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Definition
- Solvent of Life
- Cohesion
- Moderation of Temperature
- INsulation of bodies of water by floating ice
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Term
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Definition
- Charged surface of the ion forces the water molecules to become structured and form shells of water
- Water molecules form from hydrogen shells around charged ions or polar molecules
- Not all molecules are soluble
- Non polar molecules-hydrocarbon (long chains of carbon with H attatched)
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Term
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Definition
| molecules that do not interact with water |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules that interact with water |
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Term
| Interactions of Water Molecules |
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Definition
- Cohesion- surface tension, water beads up on a surface
- Adhesion- capillary action-water can rise against gravity
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Term
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Definition
Heat- total kinetic energy of molecules in mass
Temperature- average kinetic energy of molecules
More kinetic energy, higher temp. |
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Term
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Definition
- High Specific Heat/high heat of vaporization (temp. buffer(external and internal) evaporative cooling)
- Hydrogen bonding holds water molecules together requires a lot of energy to break these bonds
- Density- mass/unit volume of a substance ( solid water or ice is less dense than liquid water)
- Hydrogen bonds in ice are stable
- Transparent- light penetrates
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Term
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Definition
Depth of water in lake ect that sunlight can reach (typically 200m ish)
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Term
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Definition
- Hydronium ion (H30+)
- Hydroxide ion (OH-)
- Concentrations of H+ and OH- must be equal in pure water
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Term
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Definition
| Substances that when added to water cause the H+ ion concentration to increase |
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Term
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Definition
| Substances that when added to water cause the H+ concentration to decrease |
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Term
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Definition
- Scale used to measure acidity of substance-"the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration"
- Most living cells have a very narrow range of tolerance for pH
- pH scale ranges from 1=14
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Term
| Ways to measure pH Levels |
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Definition
- pH meter- read the electronic display
- pH paper- color patterns indicate pH
- pH indicator-natural substance that changes color (ex. red cabbage)
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