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Ch. 3 - Population
Concepts, Human Population, Population Impacts
30
Environmental Studies
12th Grade
04/29/2014

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Cards

Term
4 Factors of Population
Definition
birth rate, death rate, immigration, emigration
Term
Natality
Definition
birth rate in a pop
Term
mortality
Definition
death rate in a pop
Term
immigration
Definition
# of outside (same speices) organisms coming into the pop
Term
emmigration
Definition
# of inside (same speices) organisms leaving the pop
Term
population distribution
Definition
spatial arrangement of organisms in an area
Term
random distribution
Definition
population of organisms spaced arbitrarily w/ no organization or intention (free-floating larvae); least common arrangement
Term
uniform distribution
Definition
spaced evenly from one another; common w/ limited resources or territorial animals (wolves)
Term
clumped distribution
Definition
most common distr bc they clump around a necessary resource; herds
Term
population density
Definition
# of individuals in a pop/area unit^2; high = high competition; low = decrease in chances of finding a mate
Term
age structure
Definition
# of organisms in each range of a population; shows if pop is stabilizing/growing/declining
Term
sex ratio
Definition
# of m:# of f
Term
exponential growth
Definition
pop increases by fixed percentage per unit of time; j-curve
Term
carrying capacity (K)
Definition
the max # of organisms that an environment can support indefinitely
Term
limiting factors
Definition
food, shelter, water, mates; anything an organism depends on for survival
Term
environmental resistance
Definition
all limiting factors acting on the pop
Term
density-dependent limiting factors
Definition
rely on the density of a pop
Term
density-independent limiting factors
Definition
don't depend on density of a pop to limit things
Term
logistic growth curve
Definition
S-curve; exponential pop as it reaches carrying capacity; generally theoretical; realistic curves fluctuate above K indefinitely
Term
K-selected Reproductive Strategies (Type III)
Definition
few offspring; long life; raise their young; large; low biotic potential
Term
R-selected (Type I)
Definition
lots of offspring; short-lived; young left on their own; how biotic potential
Term
Type II
Definition
inbetween R & K reproductive strategies
Term
Agricultural Revolution
Definition
began 10k yrs ago; people began growing crops and raising livestock; easier to get necessities; more kids, lived longer
Term
Industrial Revolution
Definition
1700s; urban living; improved sanitation & healthcare; people lived longer; factories
Term
IPAT Model
Definition
Impact on Environ = Pop x Affluence x Tech (sensitivity of environ can be factored in as well)
Term
Growth Rate
Definition
(BR + Im) - (DR + Em)
Term
Pre-industrial Stage
Definition
High DR/BR bc poor medical care, high disease, starvation; pop stable
Term
Transitional Stage
Definition
DR starts to decline bc of medicinal advancements & better food production; BR stays high; pop inc
Term
Industrial Stage
Definition
BR stabilize bc people work outside home (not farming); DR stay stable; pop growth slows; birth control more common
Term
Post- Industrial Stage
Definition
BR & DR low and stable; stabilize/small decline in pop
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