What is the study of drugs known as?

Pharmacology

(Pg. 573)

What is an example of administering medications?

• Oral: Solid form (tablet, capsule) or liquid form (suspension, syrup); Additional preparations on Pg. 578.

• Parenteral: Injection

      (Pg. 574, 598, 600)

What does the term parenteral refer to?

Sites outside the gastrointestinal tract / the administration of medication by injection.

(Pg. 574)

What references could you use to look up adverse reactions to Zithromax?

• PDR
• Package Insert

      (Pg. 574)

What name is assigned by the pharmaceutical company that first develops a drug?

Generic name

(Pg. 574)

What is the name of the drug preparation applied externally to produce a feeling of heat or warmth?

Liniment

(Pg. 578)

Name a medication that is administered through the sublingual route.

Sublingual Tablet

(Pg. 578)

What is the reason for enterically coating a tablet?

It prevents it from dissolving until it reaches the intestines. It protects the drug from being destroyed by gastric juices and prevents it from irritating the stomach lining.

(Pg. 578)

What represents an equivalent value for a cubic centimeter?

1 ml

(Pg. 586)

Which system is used most often to prescribe and administer medication?

The metric system

(Pg. 585)

What must be included on a prescription for a controlled drug?

DEA #

(Pg. 588)

What category includes a drug that has a high potential for abuse and is accepted for medical use?

Schedule II

(Pg. 590)

When does a prescription for a Schedule III drug expire?

6 mos. from issue date.

(Pg. 590)

What does the inscription of a prescription consist of?

• Name of the drug

• Dose

      (Pg. 594)

What part of a prescription indicates the information that is included on the label?

Signatura

(Pg. 594)

What situation causes a drug to absorb at a slower rate?

Slower absorption when taken orally (even slower when food is present)

(Pg. 597)

What is the name of an adverse reaction that is harmless and often tolerated by the patient to obtain the therapeutic effect of the drug?

Side effects

(Pg. 597)

1. Sneezing
2. Urticaria (hives)
3. Itching
4. Angioedema
5. Erythema
6. Disorientation

      (Pg. 597)

What is the usual treatment for an anaphylactic reaction?

One or more injections of epinephrine.

(Pg. 597)

What guidelines should be followed when administering a medication?

1. Right drug
2. Right dose
3. Right time
4. Right patient
5. Right route
6. Right technique
7. Right documentation

      (Rest of answer on Pg. 598)

Why is the parenteral route used when administering medication?

Medication is absorbed more quickly through the parenteral route than orally.

(Pg. 600)

What is the name for the slanted edge at the top of a needle?

Bevel

(Pg. 601)

Listed will be 4 gauges of needles. You will need to know which one has the largest lumen.

The larger the gauge, the smaller the lumen.

(Pg. 601)

What is the function of the flange of a syringe?

It helps in injecting the medication and prevents the syringe from rolling when it is placed on a flat surface.

(Pg. 601)

What is the purpose of a safety-engineered syringe?

To reduce the risk of a needlestick injury.

(Pg. 602)

What is the name of a closed glass container with a rubber stopper that contains more than one dose of medication?

Multi-dose vial

(Pg. 602)

Why do you put in an equal amount of air when withdrawing medication from a vial?

To avoid creating a partial vacuum, which makes it difficult to withdraw medication.

(Pg. 602)

Why is the needle insterted below the fluid line when withdrawing medication?

What syringe is used to administer an intradermal injection?

A tuberculin syringe

(Pg. 617)

What type of tissue is used for a subcutaneous injection?

Adipose (fat) tissue

(Pg. 603)

What is the maximum amount of medication that can be administered through the subcutaneous route?

1 cc

(Pg. 605)

A list will be given to you. You will need to know which one will be administered through the subcutaneous route.

1. Epinephrine
2. Insulin
3. Allergy Injections

      (Pg. 605)

What sites are commonly used for medication administered through the SubQ route?

1. Upper lateral of the arms
2. Anterior thigh
3. Upper back
4. Abdomen

What is the purpose of aspirating whne administering an injection?

To determine whether the needle is in a blood vessel, which could result in quick absorption.

(Pg. 613)

What length of needle is used to administer a SubQ injection?

1/2 to 5/9 ; 23 G to 25 G

(Pg. 605)

What length of needle is used to asminister an intramuscular injection?

1 to 3 inches ; 18 G to 23 G

(Pg. 606)

Why is the dorsogluteal site considered a good location to administer an intramuscular injection to an adult?

The gluteal muscles are well developed and can absorb a large amount of medication.

(Pg. 606)

The vastus lateralis site is used to administer medication to what age group?

Infants and child younger than 3 y/o.

(Pg. 607)

Why is the jection site held taugt when administering an intramuscular injection?

Permits easier insertion of the needle and helps ensure that the needle enters muscle tissue.

(Pg. 615)

What angle of needle insertion should be sued to administer an intramuscular injection?

90-degree angle

(Pg. 615)

What helps to reduce pain for an intramuscular injection?

• Not moving
• Injecting slowly
• Removing the needle quickly and at the same angle as insertion.

       (Pg. 615)

Why do you chart the location of an injection?

• Assists in proper site rotation for PTs who receive repeated injections.
• Provides a reference point should a problem arise c the injection site.

What are intradermal injections used to administer?

Skin tests (allergy or tuberculin)

(Pg. 617)

What size gauge and inch of the needle would be used to administer an intradermal injection?

25 G to 27 G ; 3/8 to 5/8 inches

(Pg. 617)

Why is the bevel of the needle facing up when giving an intradermal injection?

To allow proper wheal formation.

(Pg. 625)

Why do you not apply pressure when giving an intradermal injection?

It may cause leakage resulting in inaccurate results.

(Pg. 626)

What are the symptoms of tuberculosis?

1. Fatigue
2. Weakness
3. Unexplained weigh loss
4. Low-grade fever
5. Night sweats
6. Cough that produces mucopurulent sputum
7. Occasional hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
8. Chest pain

      (Pg. 618)

What happens to a PT of latent Tuberculosis?

They show now symptoms and cannot spread the disease to others. However, the TB may eventually become active.

(Pg. 618)

Why is the PTs forearm held taut while administering the mantoux test?

Easy insertion of the needle.

(Pg. 625)

When should a tuberculin skin test be read?

Within 18 to 72 hr of administering.

(Pg. 620)

What method of examination is used when reading a tuberculin skin test?

Inspection and palpation in good lighting within 48 to 72 hr.

(Pg. 620)

Induration measuring 3mm resulting from a mantoux text indicates what result?

Negative reaction

(Pg. 620)

What is done when a PT has a positive reaction to a mantoux test?

Warrents further diagnostic procedures (Chest x-ray and microbiologic examination of the PT's sputum for tubercle bacilli)

(Pg. 618)

What is the term for an abnoramal reaction to a substance that is normally harmless?

Allergy

(Pg. 620)