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| the belief that one is part of a nation, defined as a community with its own language, traditions, customs, and history that distinguish it from other nations and make it the primary focus of a person's loyalty and sense of identity |
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| What was the nineteenth-century definition of liberalism? |
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| Support for representative government dominated by the propertied classes and minimal government interference in the economy |
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| Russian leader; crushed liberalism; extreme conservatism in foreign affairs; |
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| What changes were made under the July Monarchy in France? |
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| Louis Philippe was called the king of the French (rather than the king of France); king had to cooperate with Chamber of Deputies; could not dispense with laws on his own authority;the Charter was regarded as the rights of the people; no official religion; censorship was abolished; franchise was extended |
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| British Great Reform Bill (1832) |
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| a limited reform of the British House of Commons and an expansion of the electorate to include a wider variety of the propertied classes; laid the groundwork for further orderly reforms within the British constitutional system |
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| more Irish control of local government |
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| What were the results of the revolutions of 1848? |
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| an emergence on the European continent of strongly conservative governments that would dominate the next quarter century; ended the era of liberal revolution; political initiative passed for a time to the conservatives; working class adopted new tactics and organization; laid groundwork for future workers to turn to trade unions and political parties to achiever their political and social goals |
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| What were the causes of the American Civil War? |
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| Republican party opposed slavery; Lincoln elected; Southerners perceived this as a threat; southern states began to secede and form the Confederate States of America |
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| granted citizenship to the former slaves |
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| allowed former slaves to vote |
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| policy was carried out in Canada Act of 1840m which gve the nation a single legislature composed of two houses; established the political pattern that the British govt followed with its other English-speaking colonies during the 19th century. |
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| originated from long-standing rivalry between Russia and the Ottoman Empire over the Ottoman provinces (now Romania); France and Great Britain supported Ottoman Empire to protect their interests; Austria and Prussia remained neutral; shattered image of Russian invincibility that prevailed since close of Napoleonic wars; shattered power of Concert of Europe to settle international disputes on the Continent; |
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| a moderate liberal in economics and a strong monarchist who rejected republicanism; prime minister of Italy; believed if Italians proved to be efficient and economically progressive, the powers might decide it could be self-governed; worked for free trade, railway construction, cred expansion, agricultural improvement; fostered Nationalist Society; |
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| prime minister, Prussia; German unification |
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| transformed the Habsburg Empire into a dual monarchy; Austria and Hungary functioned largely as separate sates; |
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| the movement to create a Jewish state in Palestine (the Biblical Zion) |
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