Term
| The muscular tube that makes up the digestive system is called? |
|
Definition
| The gastrointestinal tract |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the GI tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the GI tract begin? What does it continue through? |
|
Definition
| The mouth. Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus. |
|
|
Term
| What do the accessory organs contain? |
|
Definition
| Water, enzymes, buffers, and other components that assist in preparing organic/inorganic nutrients for absorption. |
|
|
Term
| What are the primary accessory organs? |
|
Definition
| Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. |
|
|
Term
| Does the digestive system work with other systems to help those tissues gain access to nutrients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 7 functions of the digestive tract? |
|
Definition
1.)Ingestion
2.)Mechanical processing
3.)Propulsion
4.)Chemical digestion
5.)Secretion
6.)Absorption
7.)Compaction |
|
|
Term
| What is mechanical processing? |
|
Definition
| Chewing, mixing of food with saliva, churning of the food in the stomach and segmentation. |
|
|
Term
| What is another word for propulsion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elimination of feces via the anus is called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four basic layers of the GI tract? |
|
Definition
1.)musosa
2.)submucosa
3.)muscularis externa
4.)serosa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The innermost lining containing the mucus membrane of epithelial tissue supported by a basement membrane and a thin layer of muscular tissue. |
|
|
Term
| Which parts of the mucosa are made of stratified squamous epithelium? |
|
Definition
| The oral cavity, pharynx, upper portion of esophagus, and rectum. |
|
|
Term
| Which parts of the mucosa are made of simple columnar epithelium? |
|
Definition
| The lower esophagus, stomach, small intestine, most of large intestine. HAVE GOBLET CELLS. |
|
|
Term
| What is the lamina propria? |
|
Definition
| Basement membrane made of areolar connective tissue. Has blood vessels, nerve endings, lymphatic vessels, lymphoid tissue, mucus glands. |
|
|
Term
| What is the muscularis mucosae? |
|
Definition
| Two concentric layers of smooth muscle. Inner encircles the lumen and the outer runs parallel to the axis of the GI tract. Make rugae, plicae circularis and villi, |
|
|
Term
| What is the submucosa? What tissue makes it? |
|
Definition
| Surrounds the mucosa. Dense irregular connective tissue. Has lg blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves and exocrine glands. |
|
|
Term
| What is the muscularis externa? What kind of tissue makes it? |
|
Definition
| Double layered smooth muscle. Inner layer = circular. Outer layer = longitudinal. Work in mechanical processing. Move food through GI tract. |
|
|
Term
| Smooth muscle cells are _____ and ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are actin and myosin used in the contraction of smooth muscle? What is the difference between skeletal and smooth muscle set up? |
|
Definition
| Yes. There are no sarcomeres or myofibrils meaning there are NO strations. There are no T-tubules and the sarcoplasmic reticulum forms a loose network through the sarcoplasm called DENSE BODIES |
|
|
Term
| Do visceral smooth muscle cells have direct contact with motor neurons? How are they connected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ cells are present in areas where peristalsis is necessary. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In the peritoneal cavity, the muscularis externa is covered by a layer of visceral peritoneum called the serosa. |
|
|
Term
| Does the serosa cover organs in the oral cavity, pharynx or esophagus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the serosa pulls away from the surface of the organs in the abdominal cavity it creates ________. |
|
Definition
| Mesenteries, greater omentum, and lesser omentum. |
|
|
Term
| What do these mesenteries do? |
|
Definition
| Anchor the organs of the GI tract to adjacent organs such as the kidneys, bladder, liver and pancreas. |
|
|
Term
| What does the oral cavity produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What forms the anterior and lateral borders of the oral cavity? |
|
Definition
| Labia, cheeks and vestibule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lips. No sweat or sebacious glands. Distinguished by the red margin and the obicularis oris muscle. |
|
|
Term
| What attaches the lips to the gums? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle forms the cheeks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Area bounded by the lips and cheeks externally and interally by the gingiva and teeth. WHERE YOU BRUSH YOUR TEETH. |
|
|
Term
| What forms the superior boundary of the oral cavity? |
|
Definition
| The hard and soft palate/ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Composed of the palatine process of the maxilla and palatine bones. ROOF OF MOUTH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscular tissue rather than bone. |
|
|
Term
| What forms the posterior boundary of the oral cavity? |
|
Definition
| Uvula, palatine tonsils, and root of tongue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Composed of connective and reticular tissue and prevents food from entering the OROpharynx. Houses WBC |
|
|
Term
| What are the palatine tonsils? |
|
Definition
| Lie on either side of the oral cavity in archways called FAUCES. |
|
|
Term
| What is the root of the tongue? |
|
Definition
| Fixed portion of tongue that enters into the oropharynx. Different from body of tongue via v-shaped circumvallate papillae. Lingual tonsils |
|
|
Term
| What makes up the inferior (floor) of the oral cavity? |
|
Definition
| The body of the tongue and the geniohyoid and mylohyoid muscles |
|
|
Term
| What is the body of the tongue? |
|
Definition
| Anterior, mobile portion of the tongue. |
|
|
Term
| What are the geniohyoid and mylohyoid muscles? |
|
Definition
| Support the body of the tongue. |
|
|
Term
| What is the tongue composed of and what is its functions? |
|
Definition
| skeletal muscle. Manipulate food, form words, serves as sensory organ for gustation. |
|
|
Term
| What is the superior surface of the tongue covered in? |
|
Definition
| Epithelial projections called lingual papillae. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of lingual papillae? |
|
Definition
1.)Circumvallate
2.)Fungiform
3.)Filiform |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of the circumvallate papillae? |
|
Definition
| 7 to 12. Relatively large, round papillae shaped like the tip of an eraser. Found on the posterior margin of the tongue in a v pattern. Has about 100 taste buds in each. |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of fungiform papillae? |
|
Definition
| Mushroom shaped all over the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. Only 5 taste buds per each. |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of the filiform papillae? |
|
Definition
| Hair like. Scattered all over the tongue. Do not have taste buds associated with them. Create friction. |
|
|
Term
| What are specialized epithelial cells in sensory structures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many taste buds do you have when you are young? And when you are an adult? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are salivary glands? |
|
Definition
| EXOCRINE glands that produce and secrete saliva. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Water, mucins, buffers, lysozymes, and enzymes. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 functions of the salivary glands? |
|
Definition
1.)Moistens and lubricates mouth and food
2.)Cleanses food by defensins, lysozymes and IGA antibodies
3.)Dissolves food chemcials for gustation
4.)Initiates chemical digestion of complex carbohydrates by salivary amylase and fats by lingual lipase. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of salivary glands? |
|
Definition
1.)parotid
2.)sublingual
3.)submandibular |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of parotid salivary glands? |
|
Definition
| Contains only serous cells for production of salivary amylase and lysozymes. Secrete into the parotid duct to the oral cavity. |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of the sublingual glands? |
|
Definition
| Contains mostly mucous cells and produces watery mucin to act as a buffer and lubricant. Secrete into sublingual ducts. |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of the submandibular glands? |
|
Definition
| Has both serous and mucous cells and secrete mucin and salivary amylase. Secrete into submandibular ducts. |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the teeth? |
|
Definition
| Breaks food into smaller pieces thereby increasing the surface area for chemical digestion. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 types of teeth? |
|
Definition
1.)primary dentition or deciduous teeth
2.)secondary dentition or permanent teeth
3.)incisors
4.)canines
5.)premolars
6.)molars |
|
|
Term
| What are the primary dentition teeth? |
|
Definition
| Called milk/baby teeth. 20 teeth during embryonic development. |
|
|
Term
| What are the secondary dentition teeth? |
|
Definition
| Permenant teeth that fully replace baby teeth by age 21. 32 permanent teeth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blade shaped. Front of mouth. Cutting and nipping. Single root. have 8. central or lateral. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conical-shaped with a sharp ridgeline and pointed tip. tearing and piercing. single root. called cuspids and eye teeth. have 4. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flattened crowns with prominent ridges. Grinding, mashing and crushing. 1 or 2 roots. Called bicuspids. Have 8. Described as 1st or 2nd. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flattened crowns with prominent ridges. Grinding/crushing. Three or more roots. 12 total. 1st 2nd or 3rd molars. 3rd = wisdom teeth. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 structures that make up a tooth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Exposed part of tooth projects into oral cavity. Covered by enamel over highly mineralized bone-like shit called Dentin and a soft-pulp in pulp cavity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Narrow area that serves as the boundary between the crown and the root. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Below the gingiva and sits into the sockets of the jawbone called alveoli to form gomphosis joints. Covered by cementum and anchored by the peridonteal ligament. Holds pulp cavity filled with pulp and extends down into the root canal and apical foramen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 areas of the pharynx and what tissues make them up? |
|
Definition
1.)Naso - pseudostratified columnar epithelium AIR
2.)Oro - stratified squamous epithelium
3.)Laryngo - stratified squamous epithelium
ORO/LARYNGO - air and food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hollow muscular tube that functions to carry bolus from the pharynx to the stomach. Passes through the esophageal hiatus. |
|
|
Term
| What is the upper third of the esophagus made of? |
|
Definition
| Skeletal muscle for swallowing. |
|
|
Term
| What is the lower third of the esophagus made of? |
|
Definition
| Smooth muscle for peristalsis. |
|
|
Term
| What is the upper portion of the esophagus lined with? |
|
Definition
| Stratified squamous epithelium |
|
|
Term
| What is the lower portion of the esophagus lined with? |
|
Definition
| Simple columnar epithelium |
|
|
Term
| What are esophogeal glands? |
|
Definition
| Produce mucus to lubricate the bolus. |
|
|
Term
| What does the upper esophogeal sphincter do? |
|
Definition
| Prevents backflow of food into the oral cavity. |
|
|
Term
| What does the cardiac sphincter do? |
|
Definition
| AKA gastroesophogeal sphincter or lower esophogeal sphincter prevents backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus. |
|
|
Term
| What is another word for swallowing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 phases of swallowing and where do they occur? |
|
Definition
1.)Buccal - mouth
2.)Pharyngeal - pharynx
3.)Esophageal - upper pharyngeal sphincter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscular, expandable, J-shaped organ that converts bolus to chyme. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 regions of the stomach? |
|
Definition
1.)Cardiac
2.)Fundus
3.)Body
4.)Pyloric |
|
|
Term
| What is the cardiac region of the stomach? |
|
Definition
| Area where esophagus empties into the stomach. Cardiac sphincter = jxn between the esophagus and stomach and prevents backflow of stomach into esophagus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dome shaped portion at the top of the stomach and lies superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The largest region. Between the fundus and the curve in the J. Mixing bowl. |
|
|
Term
| What is the pyloric region? |
|
Definition
| Sharp curve of J. Pylorus changes shape. Terminates into pyloric sphincter. Regulates the flow of chyme out of the stomach and into the duodenum. |
|
|
Term
| What is the gross anatomy of the stomach? (3) |
|
Definition
1.)Greater Curvature
2.)Lesser Curvature
3.)Rugae |
|
|
Term
| What is the greater curvature? |
|
Definition
| Lateral surface. Greater omentum is attached here. Forms a big pouch that drapes over the anterior surface of small intestine. Adipose tissue in greater omentum provides padding and protection. |
|
|
Term
| What is the lesser curvature? |
|
Definition
| Medial surface. Lesser omentum attaches here. Stabilizes the position of the stomach and provides access root for blood vessels to enter or leave liver. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Longitudinal folds within the lumen of the tummy which aid in stretch. As stomach fills, they will flatten. |
|
|
Term
| What is the mucosa of the stomach made of? |
|
Definition
| Simple columnar epithelium. |
|
|
Term
| What is the muscularis externa composed of? |
|
Definition
| third inner layer of smooth muscle that runs diagonally called oblique. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shallow depressions in inner surface of stomach. Communicates with several gastric glands that extend into the lamina propria |
|
|
Term
| WHat are gastric glands and their 3 major cell types? |
|
Definition
| In fundus. Secrete most of stomach juices for digestion. chief, parietal, g cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Secrete pepsinogen that becomes activated pepsin that digests proteins. In infants, gastric lipase and renin which digests milk. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Secrete hydrochloric acid that activates pepsinogen and intrinsic factor which is important for absorption of B12. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enteroendocrine cells that produce a variety of important digestive processes. |
|
|
Term
| What are the hormones secreted by G cells? |
|
Definition
1.)Gastrin - stomach motility
2.)Histamine - release of HCl
3.)Endorphine - Natural opiate. Satiation.
4.)Somatostatin - inhibits motility and emptying. |
|
|
Term
| What is the small intestine? |
|
Definition
| Specialized by maximum absorption of nutrients. Receives chyme from stomach. Serves as site for majority of digestion and absorption of nutrients. |
|
|
Term
| Does the small intestine do segmentation and peristalsis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 regions of the small intestine? |
|
Definition
1.)Duodenum
2.)Jejunum
3.)Ileum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The upper region of the small intestine. 10-12 in. Receives chyme from stomach and digestive enzymes from pancreas and bile from liver and gallbladder via sphincter of Oddi. Lg # of duodenal glands called Brunner glands secrete mucus. |
|
|
Term
| What is the jejunum and ileum? |
|
Definition
| Middle portion (8 ft) lower portion (12 ft) chemical digestion is continued here and absorption occurs. Lower portion of ileum has peyer's patches drains into large intestine via ileocecal valve. |
|
|
Term
| What is plicae circularis? |
|
Definition
| Deep permanent folds in the mucosa and submucosa that run transverse to axis. Increase surface area of intestines. most in jujenum. |
|
|
Term
| What are intestinal villi? |
|
Definition
| Finger-like projections that are on top of plicae circularis and increase surface area. Each contains an artery, vein and a lacteal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tiny projections of the plasma membrane of each simple columnar cell the creates BRUSH BORDER CELLS |
|
|
Term
| What are peyer's patches? |
|
Definition
| Aggregated masses of lymphoid tissue with lots of lymphocytes. |
|
|
Term
| What are the secretions of the enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine? |
|
Definition
1.)Secretin
2.)Cholecystokinin
3.)Gastric Inhibitory Peptide
4.)Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
5.)Brush Border Enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Released when acidic chyme enters the small intestine. Increase in the secretion of bicarbonate-rich juices from the pancreas to buffer acidity from bile. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Released when fatty or protein rich chyme enters the small intestine. Causes release of enzyme-rich juices from the pancrease and bile from liver/gallbladder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Released when fats and carbohydates enter small intestine. Slows gastric activity and stimulates the secretion of insulin from the islets of langerhaan. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stimulates the secretion of intestinal glands, dilates regional capillaries to enhance absorption, inhibits acid production in stomach. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Complete the digestion of organic molecules. |
|
|
Term
| What is aminopeptidase (ETC? |
|
Definition
| BBE. process short peptides into individual amino acids. |
|
|
Term
| What is nucleosidases (ETC)? |
|
Definition
| BBE. Break down nucleic acids to produce a nitrogen base, phosphate group, and a five-carbon sugar. |
|
|
Term
| What is dextrinase (ETC)? |
|
Definition
| BBE. Break down disaccharides and oligosaccarides into monosaccarides. |
|
|
Term
| Is the liver the largest internal organ in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the liver produce and what is its main function? |
|
Definition
| Bile - emulsification of fat. |
|
|
Term
| The liver is primarily a ______ organ. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four functions of the liver? |
|
Definition
1.)Filters and processes nutrient-rich blood of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids of the intestines.
2.)Cholesterol metabolism and regulation of blood cholesterol levels.
3.)Removes drugs and hormones from circulation.
4.)Produces bile which emulsifies fat in the small intestine. |
|
|
Term
| What is the gross anatomy of the liver? |
|
Definition
| Right and Left lobe separated by the falciform ligament. The caudate lobe (Inferior vena cava) and the quadrate lobe (gallbladder) visible on the inferior surface. |
|
|
Term
| Bile exits the liver via... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These merge to form the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The common hepatic duct merges with the _____ _____ of the gallbladder to form the _______ ______ ______. |
|
Definition
| cystic duct. common bile duct. |
|
|
Term
| The common bile duct drains into the duodenum via the _____ ___ _____ or the herpatopancreatic sphincter. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What forms the structural and functional units of the liver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are liver cells called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Portal triads are located on the ______ of each liver lobule are three vessels: what are they? |
|
Definition
| Corners. Hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, and a bile duct. |
|
|
Term
| What do kupffer cells do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the hepatic vein and artery do? |
|
Definition
| bring nutrient-rich blood to the liver where it filters through the hepatocytes lining the sinusoidal capillaries that drain towards the central vein in the middle of each lobule. |
|
|
Term
| Filtered blood enters the _____ _____ which then drains into the _____ _____ that exits the liver and empties into the inferior vena cava. |
|
Definition
| central vein. heptaic vein. |
|
|
Term
| The bile produced by the hepatocytes goes into the ______ _____ towards the triad draining into the ____ ____ which merge to form the ____ or ____ ______ ____. |
|
Definition
| bile canaliculi. bile ducts. R or L hepatic ducts. |
|
|
Term
| What does the gallbladder do? |
|
Definition
| Store and concentrate bile until needed by the small intestine. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three regions of the gallbladder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes bile to be ejected into the duodenum via the duodenal ampulla? |
|
Definition
| The release of CCK which dilates the sphincter of oddi that contracts the gallbladder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Secretes pancreatic juice containing buffers and enzymes formed by acinar cells. Drains via the pancreatic duct towards small intestine. Empties into the duodenum through the sphincter of oddi. |
|
|
Term
| What makes up pancreatic juices? |
|
Definition
1.)Sodium Bicarbonate
2.)Proteases
3.)Pancreatic Amylase
4.)Pancreatic Lipases
5.)Pancreatic Nucleases |
|
|
Term
| What is sodium bicarbonate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Secreted as inactive enzymes but become activated in small intestine to form carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, and trypsin. Break down large polypeptides into oligopeptides, tripeptides and dipeptides and some amino acids. |
|
|
Term
| What is pancreatic amylase? |
|
Definition
| Breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerols. |
|
|
Term
| What is pancreatic nucleases? Is this the first site of nucleic acid digestion? |
|
Definition
| Break down nucleic acids like DNA or RNA. Yes. |
|
|
Term
| What are islets of langerhaan's? |
|
Definition
| Release insulin and glucagon that are important in carbohydrate metabolism. ENDOCRINE CELLS |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the large intestine? |
|
Definition
| Stores and concentrates fecal material. Large bowel. 5 ft in length. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three functions of the large intestine? |
|
Definition
1.)Reabsorption of water and compacting shit into feces
2.)Absorption of important vitamins B and K
3.)Storage of fecal material prior to defecation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bands of longitudinal smooth muscle that creates pocket-like sacs called haustra which allow for expansion and elongation of the colon. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 main segments of the large intestine? |
|
Definition
1.)Cecum
2.)Colon
3.)Rectum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An expanded sac-like region of the large intestine. Receives material arriving from the ileum through the ileocecal valve. Begins process of compaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Posseses a thinner wall and larger diameter than the smalll intestine. |
|
|
Term
| What are the four regions of the colon? |
|
Definition
Ascending - patients right
Transverse - r to l
Descending - patients left
Sigmoid - s-shaped |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The last 15 cm of the digestive tract that serves as an expandable organ for temporary storage of feces. |
|
|
Term
| What are rectal valves for? |
|
Definition
| separate feces from flatulence. |
|
|
Term
| The distal portion of the anus is called the _____ _____ and is composed of two muscles called? |
|
Definition
| anal canal. internal and external anal sphincter muscle. |
|
|
Term
INternal is made of _____?
EXternal is made of _____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The exit of the anal canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wormlike structure extending from the cecum that contains masses of lymphoid tissue and plays a role in immunity |
|
|
Term
| What kind of tissue makes up the large intestine? |
|
Definition
| Simple columnar epithelium for absorption of water and electrolytes and stratified squamous in the rectum and anal canal. |
|
|
Term
| Are there villi/plicae cicrularis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are there goblet cells in the large intestine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ _____ synthesizes vitamin b and most of the vitamin k that the liver requires to make blood clotting proteins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Erosion in the enamel leading to cavities. Tooth decay generally results from the action of bacteria that normally inhabit the mouth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the gums caused by a bacterial infection in the mouth which can cause erosion of the gums. Leads to periodontal disease which causes tooth loss. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bad breath caused by bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Swollen parotid glands as a result of the myxovirus infection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Occurs when a portion of the stomach gets caught in the esophogeal hiatus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Failure of cardiac sphincter to prevent backflow of stomach acids into the esophagus. Heart burn. Chronic = GERD |
|
|
Term
| What are peptic and duodenal ulcers? |
|
Definition
| Deterioration in the wall of the stomach or duodenum caused by helicobacter pylori infection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Accumulation of peritoneal fluid causes characteristic abnormal swelling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the pancrease from either drugs, toxins, bacterial or viral infections or blockages. If not treated can be fatal. 1/8 of all cases. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammtion of the liver as a result of alcohol consumption, viral infection (hep A B or C) or drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic inflammation of the liver leading to scarring |
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Term
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Definition
| Highly concentratted cholesterol derivatives in bile. If gall stones are so large that they block ducts and damage the wall of the gallbladder it is called cholecystisis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Accumulation of bilirubin in the skin as a result of blockage or liver disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the colon, involing diarrhea or constipation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Watery stool caused by rapid movemnt of food through the digestive tract |
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Term
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Definition
| Hard or difficult to pass stool. Due to slow movement through the digestive tract or not enough fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammed herniation in the wall of the large intestines |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of appendix as a result of a blockage trapping infectious bacteria within the lumen. |
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