Term
|
Definition
| what happens to a drug from the time it enters the body until it enters the circulating fluid; intravenous administration causes the drug to directly enter the cirulating blood, bypassing the many complications of adsorption from other routes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the movement of substances across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient; this process requires the use of energy biotransformation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| synthetic chemicals used to interfere with the functioning of foreign cell populations; this term is frequently used to refer to the drug therapy of neoplasms, but it also refers to drug therapy affecting any foreign cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the concentration a drug must reach in the tissues that respond to the particular drug to cause the desired effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of a drug to body tissues; the places where a drug may be distributed depend on the drug's solubility, perfusion of the area, cardiac output, and binding of the drug to plasma protins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process by which the presence of a chemical that is biotransformed by a particular enzyme system in the liver causes increased activity of that enzyme system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of a drug from the body; primarily occurs in the kidneys, but can also occur through the skin, lungs, bile or feces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a phenomenon in which drugs given orally are carried directly to the liver after absorption, where they may be largely inactivated by liver enzymes before they can enter the general circulation; oral drugs frequently are given in higher doses than drugs given by other routes bc of this early breakdown |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the passage of water and water-soluble components from the plasma into the renal tubule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to one half of the peek level it previously achieved |
|
|
Term
| hepatic microsomal system |
|
Definition
| liver enzymes tightly packed together in the hepatic intracellular structure, responsible for the biotransformation of chemicals, including drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use of a higher dose than that which is usually used for treatment to allow the drug to reach the critical concentration sooner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of substances acorss a semi-permeable membrane with the concentration gradient; this process does not require energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the science that deals with the interaction betweeen the chemical components of living systems and the foreign chemicals, including drugs, that enter living organisms; the way a drug affects the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of genetically determined variations in the response to drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the way the body deals with a drug, including absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| documented effect of the mind on drug therapy; if a person preceives that a drug will be effective, the drug is much more likely to actually be effective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specific areas on cell membranes that react with certain chemicals to cause an effect within the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| property of a chemotherapeutic agent that affects only systems found in foreign cells without affecting healthy human cells |
|
|
