Term
|
Definition
made of all the living/unliving components interacting in a specific area at the same time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
group of individuals of same species in an area at the same time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
multiple populations of dif species in a given area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
animal's living area; inc, soil, vegetation, water supply, & other factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
species w/ dramatic impact on ecosystem they live in (i.e. beavers, sea otters, wolves, elephants) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
organism's place in the community; habitat use, food consumption, species interactions, shelter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
have ability to survive in dif environments/situations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
adapted to specific environment; vulnerable to change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fighting over the same resources; one has to beat the other; can be between 2+ dif species or same species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
benefiting from one another; no one is harmed in the making of ___; i.e. bees & flowers; |
|
|
Term
predation (predator/prey relationship) |
|
Definition
eating another species; one benefits, other dies; related to transferring of energy thru trophic levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
organism uses another for food & nutrients without immediately killing it; often the two species evolve relative to each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eating plants; plants hurt but animals benefit; plants develop thorns, toxins, hairs to discourage eating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
one species benefits, the other doesn't care |
|
|
Term
amensalistic relationships |
|
Definition
one organism harms/inhibits another for no reason/doesn't benefit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
large ecological areas dominated by particular plant type |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
categorized by categories such as salinity, temp, nutrients, currents, depth, wave action, animals, and bottom substrate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
high yr-round percipitation; warm yr-round; high biodiversity; around equator; acidic soil bc most nutrients within vegetation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
low overall rain, but rainy half yr; warm yr-round; adapted to seasonal fluctations; India, Africa, S. America, N. Australia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
High rainfall yr-round; moderate rainfall; coniferous trees, mosses, moisture-loving species; Pacific NW (US) & Japan |
|
|
Term
Temperate Deciduous Forest |
|
Definition
Rainfall even throughout yr; seasonal temps; deciduous broadleaf trees; Europe, E NA, eastern China; fertile soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
long winters, short cool summers; moderate rainfall; evergreen forests, moose, lynx; Canada, Russia; many bogs, lakes & poor nutrients in soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Short rainy season; warm/little seasonal variation; grasslands w/ acacias, zebras, lions; Africa, S America, Australia, India |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
seasonal w/ wet winters & dry summers; mild winters & warm summers; evergreen shrubs; CA, Chile, S Aussie, land around Mediterranean Sea; freq. fires |
|
|
Term
Temperate Grassland/Steppe |
|
Definition
Low precip.; extremely seasonal; mainly grasses; bison, prarie dogs; N/S America, central Asia; cleared for agriculture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
low rainfall; cold winters, cool summers; lichens, low vegatation, migratory animals; Artic Russia, Scandinavia, Rockies; short winter days/long summer days; soil permanently frozen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
minimal rainfall; temps vary dramatically day/night; some bare/no vegetation, kanagroos, rattlesnakes; Africa, AZ & NW Mexico; soil has high saline content |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
getting energy from sun; key for all animal's survival (except for chemosynthetic organisms); 6CO2+6H2O+light-> C6H12O6+6O2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
process of "burning" carb glucose in presence of O for energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
models of overlapping food chains; represents complex flow from producers to consumers to decomposers in an ecosystem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
simple layer of energy flow from producer to various consumers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
producers; convert sunlight to energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
herbivores (primary consumers); omnivores (primary/secondary/teriary consumer); carnivore (secondary/tertiary); convert stored energy in plants; ocean producers might have less producers, but otherwise normal dist. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diagram that shows loss of energy in each level trophic level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
layer that an organism occupies (consumer/producer/decomposer); 90% of energy lost through transfer of this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
variety of ecosystems in specific area; low: large prarie land; high: forest w/ dif tree species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
number/variety of a species within a community |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
number of species in an area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
number of each species in comparison to the others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
variation of heritable DNA amongst a species' individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
total of all species in a given area at a specific time; viewed by ecosystems, species, genetics; not evenly distr. bc of factors like climate/altitude/topography |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the higher the latitude, the less animals living in areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
variation in genetic makeup of population of organisms through generations; takes place over many gens, randomly or nat'l seletion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
genetic traits strengthen an organism's chance of survival & reproduction are passed on to future gens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
accidental evolution; may or may not be successful (i.e. albinoism - not; humans walking - did) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
humans impact which traits are selected; dog/cat/horse/cow/pig/etc breeds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
characteristics are moderate and either side of characteristic is deadly (beak too long/short to reach pollen) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
discriminates against individuals w/ characteristics at extremes; evolution occurs with either extreme dominating population (long or short beaks, but no medium) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
favors one extreme, so the other extreme/average fade away |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
similar organisms live in the same place, but have different jobs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
species seperated physically and evolve differently |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
what an ecosystem does to support life on Earth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
everyone dies - but only in one place |
|
|
Term
Endangered Species Act (ESA) |
|
Definition
keeps US gov't/private citizens from doing anything to affect endangered species & their habitat |
|
|
Term
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) |
|
Definition
bans transportation of endangered species' body parts internationally |
|
|
Term
background extinction rate |
|
Definition
everyone dies, but gradually over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
everyone dies at practically the same time; 5 known events |
|
|
Term
primary ecological succession |
|
Definition
starts with bare rock w/ no soil or life |
|
|
Term
secondary ecological succession |
|
Definition
re-growth of an area after an event has wiped out prior community; still soil and life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
organisms that start ecological succession |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
movement of nutrients through ecosystems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
exists in living organisms, decomposing components of ecosystems, abiotic environmental factors; soluble in water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
moves through animals when they consume organisms; released into atmos during cellular respiration & decomposition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
plants, oceans, sedimentary deposits (carbonate rocks); coal, gas, crude oil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aids in formation of atmos's ozone; oxidizes rocks and minerals so they aren't in atmos; photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
starts as a gas; fixed to soil by lightning or bacteria; creates ammonia (becomes ammonium, water-soluble ion), sometimes further converted by other bacteria to convert into __O3; taken in by plants; decomposers process it and return it to soil; de____ return it to air |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lightning or nitrogen-fixing bacteria; bacteria live in soil and in nodules on roots of legumes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
converting ammonium to nitrite (NO2-) ions then nitrate ions (NO3-) by nitrifying bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nitrogen fixation process created by humans; has negatively altered nitrogen cycle by doubling amt of nitrogen fixation occuring on Earth, which can lead to eutrophication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
found in soil, rock, sediments; released from rocks through chemical weathering; absorbed from soil into plants; limiting factor for plant growth; can enter water table & create dead zones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
released into atmos from rocks thru weathering, volcanic eruptions, and decay of dead organism; reacts w/ oxygen and water; deposited back into soil & water or combines with water and becomes acid rain; absorbed by plants |
|
|