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| The Study of interactions between atoms and molecules |
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| Substance consisting of 2 or more elements at a fixed ratio |
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| What four elements make up 96% of mass in the Biosphere? |
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Definition
- Oxygen
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Nitrogen
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Definition
Atomic Charge= +1
Atomic Mass= 1 dalton (amu)
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Atomic Charge= 0
Atomic Mass = 1 dalton (amu) |
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Atomic Charge = -1
Atomic Mass= 0 dalton (amu) |
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- All atoms of a single element have same number of protons in nucleus
- Decides chemical features of element
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| Atoms with the same characteristics but different number of neutrons |
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| Rate of decay in Radioactive Isotopes measured by how long it takes for half of the total amount to decay |
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1 half life = 5,730 years
Measure amount of Carbon 14 in a speciman
Cannot Carbon Date specimens over 50,000 years
(Look in Book!!!) |
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- Always in motion
- Never escape- attracted to protons
- When energy is gained, jump away from nucleus
- valence electrons- electrons in the outermost shell
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- How many bonds an atom can make
- Periodic Table tells how many shells and valence electrons (1st period=1 shell; 2nd period=2 shells ect)
- Octet Rule- Need 8 valence electrons to be stable
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Term
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Definition
Tendency for atoms of an element to attract the shared electrons in a covalent bond
More protons=stronger pull
In a group, the pull goes down as period increases-more electron shells block to positive charge |
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Definition
| Electrons are not shared equally |
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Definition
| Has to have 1 or more polar covalent bond- doesn't automatically make it polarmolecule |
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