Term
Ethernet frame begins with:
A. preamble
B. source MAC address
C. cyclic redundancy check
D. destination MAC address |
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Definition
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Term
Which technology does the IEEE 802.11 specification describe?
A. Wireless networks
B. Network security
C. Logical Link Control
D. Ethernet LANs |
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Definition
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Term
In which two layers of the OSI model do NICs belong?
A. Physical and Data Link layers
B. Presentation and Application layers
c. Network and Data Link layers
D. Transport and Network layers |
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Definition
| A. Physical and Data Link layers |
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Term
Network functions are associated with only one layer of the OSI model.
A. False
B. True |
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Definition
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Term
_____ is the process of reconstructing segmented data.
A. Reassembly
B. Reengineering
C. Resegmenting
D. Realigning |
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Definition
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Term
In which of the following situations would it be most desirable to use a connectionless Transport layer protocol?
A. When retrieving a spreadsheet from a busy file server
B. when connecting to a graphics-intensive Web site
C. When viewing a movie on the Web
D. When sending an e-mail message to a long list of recipients |
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Definition
| C. When viewing a movie on the Web |
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Term
Which layer of the OSI model encapsulates Network layer packets?
A. Session layer
B. Data Link layer
C. Transport layer
D. Physical layer |
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Definition
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Term
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for issuing acknowledgments (ACKs)?
A. Data Link layer
B. Application layer
C. Transport layer
D. Network layer |
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Definition
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Term
In which OSI model layer does IP operate?
A. Data Link
B. Physical
C. Transport
D. Network |
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Definition
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Term
Which OSI model layer manages data encryption?
A. Physical
B. Session
C. Application
D. Presentation |
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Definition
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Term
Which OSI model layer is responsible for keeping open a communications path between your computer and the server when you dial in to a remote access server?
A. Session
B. Presentation
C. Physical
D. Data Link |
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Definition
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Term
The ____ is a fixed number associated with a device's NIC.
A. physical address
B. LLC address
C. logical address
D. frame address |
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Definition
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Term
Your supervisor has asked you to correct several cable management problems that might be slowing down the network. Which organization's standards will guide you in assessing your firm's current cabling situation?
A. ISO
B. IEEE
C. ITU
D. TIA/EIA |
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Definition
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Term
Transport layer protocols break large data units into _____.
A. segments
B. frames
C. block IDs
D. PDUs |
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Definition
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Term
If the TCP protocol did not receive an acknowledgment for data it transmitted, what would it do?
A. Issue a warning frame to tell the recipient it would retransmit the data if it did not receive the acknowledgment within a certain time frame
B. Retransmit the data to the recipient
C. Issue its own acknowledgment, indicating to the recipient that it did not receive the acknowledgment it expected
D. Reestablish the connection with the recipient |
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Definition
| B. Retransmit the data to the recipient |
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Term
Which OSI model layer generates and detects voltage so as to transmit and receive signals carrying data?
A. Physical
B. Data Link
C. Transport
D. Network |
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Definition
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Term
In which OSI model layer do hubs operate?
A. Physical and Data Link
B. Physical
C. Network
D. Data Link |
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Definition
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Term
At what OSI model layer do protocols manage data delivery priorities?
A. Presentation
B. Session
C. Transport
D. Network |
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Definition
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Term
_____ oversees the IAB (Internet Architecture Board).
A. ISO
B. ICANN
C. EIA
D. ISOC |
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Definition
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Term
Which IEEE standard describes specifications for wireless transmissions?
A. 802.11
B. 802.5
C. 802.3
D. 802.1 |
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Definition
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Term
The Preamble of an Ethernet frame is made of:
A. 128 bits
B. 32 bits
C. 7 bytes
D. 16 bits |
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Definition
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Term
Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of an Ethernet frame is designed to: (select all that apply)
A. provide authentication
B. check data integrity
C. detect any accidental changes to data |
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Definition
B. check data integrity
C. detect any accidental changes to data |
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Term
Which statement accurately describes the OSI model?
A. It describes how software programs interact with humans.
B. It describes a theoretical representation of what happens between two nodes communicating on a network.
C. It describes how software programs interact with other software programs.
D. It prescribes the type of hardware or software that should support each layer. |
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Definition
| B. It describes a theoretical representation of what happens between two nodes communicating on a network. |
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Term
You are configuring clients to communicate over an Ethernet LAN. Which of the following IEEE specifications will identify which frame type your client should use?
A. 802.11
B. 801.2
C. 801.16
D. 802.3 |
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Definition
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Term
MAC addresses:
A. consists of 48 bits
B. is also known as a physical address
C. can be displayed by typing ipconfig command in Windows command-line utility
D. consists of 64 bits
E. has a part called OUI, which identifies the device (NIC) |
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Definition
| A, B, C and D are correct. The OUI identifies the NIC manufacturer, not the NIC. |
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Term
The ____ is a specialized United Nations agency that provides developing countries with technical expertise and equipment to advance those nations' technological bases.
A. ISOC
B. ANSI
C. ISO
D. ITU |
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Definition
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Term
Each network node has ____ types of addresses.
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. two |
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Definition
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Term
Which Data Link sublayer manages flow control?
A. LLC
B. MAC
C. Management layer
D. Addressing layer |
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Definition
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Term
Layer 5 of the OSI model is also referred to as:
A. Transport layer
B. Application layer
C. Session layer
D. Data Link layer |
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Definition
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Term
Which OSI model layer initiates the flow of information?
A. Physical
B. Application
C. Session
D. Presentation |
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Definition
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Term
Suppose your network is connected to another network via a router. Which OSI model layer provides the information necessary to direct data between the two networks?
A. Data Link layer
B. Physical layer
C. Network layer
D. Session layer |
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Definition
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Term
Under what circumstances would the Transport layer use segmentation?
A. When too many data frames are flooding into a receiving node's NIC
B. When more than 10 percent of transmitted frames are damaged
C. When the destination node cannot accept the size of the data blocks transmitted by the source node
D. When the source node requests that data blocks be segmented for faster processing |
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Definition
| C. When the destination node cannot accept the size of the data blocks transmitted by the source node |
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Term
An IP address is an example of what type of address?
A. Physical layer
B. Network layer
C. MAC sublayer
D. Data Link sublayer |
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Definition
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Term
Which part of a MAC address is unique to each manufacturer?
A. The destination ID
B. The OUI
C. The physical node ID
D. The SYN |
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Definition
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Term
What is the purpose of the trailer field added to a frame in the Data Link layer?
A. To indicate the sum of the error-checking algorithm
B. To signal the rate at which a node can receive the data
C. To mark the end of a frame
D. To represent the frame's sequence number |
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Definition
| C. To mark the end of a frame |
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Term
What are the sublayers of the Data Link layer as defined in the IEEE 802 standards?
A. Logical Link Control sublayer and Media Access Control sublayer
B. Transport Control sublayer and Media Access Control sublayer
C. Logical Link Control sublayer and Physical Addressing sublayer
D. Transport Control sublayer and Data Link Control sublayer |
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Definition
| A. Logical Link Control sublayer and Media Access Control sublayer |
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Term
Suppose that, at the receiving node, a frame's FCS doesn't match the FCS it was issued at the transmitting node. What happens as a result?
A. The receiving node's Transport layer assesses the error and corrects it.
B. The transmitting node's Data Link layer assesses the error and corrects it.
C. The receiving node's Data Link layer requests a retransmission.
D. The transmitting node's Transport layer immmediately issues a replacement frame. |
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Definition
| C. The receiving node's Data Link layer requests a retransmission. |
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Term
Which of the following would be found in a Data Link layer header?
A. The packet's fragmentation offset
B. The packet's sequence number
C. The source's logical address
D. The source's physical address |
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Definition
| D. The source's physical address |
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Term
By default, what is the largest data payload that packets on an Ethernet network can accept?
A. 64 bytes
B. 128 bytes
C. 1500 bytes
D. 2400 bytes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The IEEE standard for error and flow control in data frames. |
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Term
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Definition
| The IEEE standard for Ethernet networking devices and data handling (using the CSMA/CD access method). |
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Term
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Definition
| The IEEE standard for token ring networking devices and data handling. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The IEEE standard for wireless networking. |
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Term
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Definition
| A response generated at the Transport layer of the OSI model that confirms to a sender that its frame was received. The ACK packet is the third of three in the three-step process of establishing a connection. |
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Term
| ANSI (American National Standards Institute) |
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Definition
| An organization composed of more than 1000 representatives from industry and government who together determine standards for the electronics industry in addition to other fields, such as chemical and nuclear engineering, health and safety, and construction. |
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Term
| API (application programming interface) |
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Definition
| A set of routines that make up part of a software application. |
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Term
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Definition
| The seventh layer of the OSI model. Application layer protocols enable software programs to negotiate formatting, procedural, security, synchronization, and other requirements with the network. |
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Term
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Definition
| A method of error checking that determines if the contents of an arriving data unit match the contents of the data unit sent by the source. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A type of Transport layer protocol that requires the establishment of a connection between communicating nodes before it will transmit data. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A type of Transport layer protocol that services a request without requiring a verified session and without guaranteeing delivery of data. |
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Term
| CRC (cyclic redundancy check) |
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Definition
| An algorithm (or mathematical routine) used to verify the accuracy of data contained in a data frame. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The second layer in the OSI model. The Data Link layer bridges the networking media with the Network layer. Its primary function is to divide the data it receives from the Network layer into frames that can then be transmitted by the Physical layer. |
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Term
| EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance) |
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Definition
| A trade organization composed of representatives from electronics manufacturing firms across the United States that sets standards for electronic equipment and lobbies for legislation favorable to the growth of the computer and electronics industries. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The process of wrapping one layers's PDU with protocol information so that it can be interpreted by a lower layer. For example, Data Link layer protocols encapsulate Network layer packets in frames. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A networking technology originally developed at Xerox in the 1970s and improved by Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel, and Xerox. Ethernet, which is the most common form of network transmission technology, follows the IEEE 802.3 standard. |
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Term
| EUI-64 (Extended Unique Identifier-64) |
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Definition
| The IEEE standard defining 64-bit physical addresses. In the EUI-64 scheme, the OUI portion of an address is 24 bits in length. A 40-bit extension identifier makes up the rest of the physical address to total 64 bits. |
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Term
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Definition
| A unique set of characters assigned to each NIC by its manufacturer. In the traditional, 48-bit physical addressing scheme, the extension identifier is 24 bits long. |
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Term
| FCS (frame check sequence) |
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Definition
| The field in a frame responsible for ensuring that data carried by the frame arrives intact. It uses an algorithm, such as CRC, to accomplish this verification. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A method of gauging the appropriate rate of data transmission based on how fast the recipient can accept data. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A Network layer service that subdivides segments it receives from the Transport layer into smaller packets. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A package for data that includes not only the raw data, or "payload," but also the sender's and recipient's addressing and control information. Frames are generated at the Data Link layer of the OSI model and are issued to the network at the Physical layer. |
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Term
| HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) |
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Definition
| An Application layer protocol that formulates and interprets requests between Web clients and servers |
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Term
| IAB (Internet Architecture Board) |
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Definition
| A technical advisory group of researchers and technical professionals responsible for Internet growth and management strategy, resolution of technical disputes, and standards oversight. |
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Term
| IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) |
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Definition
| A nonprofit, United States government-funded group that was established at the University of Southern California and charged with managing IP address allocation and the Domain Name System. The oversight for many of IANA's functions was given to ICANN in 1998; however, IANA continues to perform Internet addressing and Domain Name System administration. |
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Term
| ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) |
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Definition
| The nonprofit corporation currently designated by the United States government to maintain and assign IP addresses. |
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Term
| IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) |
|
Definition
| An international society composed of engineering professionals. Its goals are to promote development and education in the electrical engineering and computer science fields. |
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Term
| IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) |
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Definition
| An organization that sets standards for how systems communicate over the Internet (for example, how protocols operate and interact). |
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Term
|
Definition
| A core protocol in the TCP/IP suite that operates in the Network layer of the OSI model and provides information about how and where data should be delivered. IP is the subprotocol that enables TCP/IP to internetwork. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Network layer address assigned to nodes to uniquely identify them on a TCP/IP network. IPv4 addresses consist of 32 bits divided into four octets, or bytes. IPv6 addresses are composed of eight 16-bit fields, for a total of 128 bits. |
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Term
| ISO (International Organization for Standardization) |
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Definition
| A collection of standards organizations representing 162 countries with headquarters located in Geneva, Switzerland. Its goal is to establish international technological standards to facilitate the global exchange of information and barrier-free trade. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A professional organization with members from 90 chapters around the world that helps to establish technical standards for the Internet. |
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Term
| ISP (Internet service provider) |
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Definition
| A business that provides organizations and individuals with Internet access and often, other services, such as e-mail and Web hosting. |
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Term
| ITU (International Telecommunication Union) |
|
Definition
| A United Nations agency that regulates international telecommunications and provides developing countries with technical expertise and equipment to advance their technological bases. |
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Term
| LLC (Logical Link Control) sublayer |
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Definition
| The upper sublayer in the Data Link layer. The LLC provides a common interface and supplies reliability and flow control services. |
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Term
| MAC (Media Access Control) sublayer |
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Definition
| The lower sublayer of the Data Link layer. The MAC appends the physical address of the destination computer onto the frame. |
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Term
| MTU (maximum transmission unit) |
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Definition
| The largest data unit a network (for example, Ethernet or Token Ring) will accept for transmission. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A unique identifying number for a network node that follows a hierarchical addressing scheme and can be assigned through operating system software. Network addresses are added to data packets and interpreted by protocols at the Network layer of the OSI model. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The third layer in the OSI model. Protocols in the Network layer translate network addresses into their physical counterparts and decide how to route data from the sender to the receiver. |
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Term
| OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model |
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Definition
| A model for understanding and developing computer-to-computer communication developed in the 1980s by ISO. It divides networking functions among seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. |
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Term
| OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier) |
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Definition
| A 24-bit character sequence assigned by IEEE that appears at the beginning of a network interface's physical address and identifies the NIC's manufacturer. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A unit of data at any layer of the OSI model. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A 48- or 64-bit network interface identifier that includes two parts: the OUI, assigned by IEEE to the manufacturer, and the extension identifier, a unique number assigned to each NIC by the manufacturer. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The lowest, or first, layer of the OSI model. Protocols in the Physical layer generate and detect signals so as to transmit and receive data over a network medium. These protocols also set the data transmission rate and monitor data error rates, but do not provide error correction. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The sixth layer of the OSI model. Protocols in the Presentation layer translate between the application and the network. Here, data are formatted in a schema that the network can understand, with the format varying according to the type of network used. The Presentation layer also manages data encryption and decryption, such as the scrambling of system passwords. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The process of reconstructing data units that have been segmented. |
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Term
| RIR (Regional Internet Registry) |
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Definition
| A not-for-profit agency that manages the distribution of IP addresses to private and public entities. ARIN is the RIR for North, Central, and South America and sub-Saharan Africa. APNIC is the RIR for Asia and the Pacific region. RIPE is the RIR for Europe and North Africa. |
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Term
|
Definition
| To intelligently direct data between networks based on addressing, patterns of usage, and availability of network segments. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A device that connects network segments and directs data based on information contained in the data packet. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A unit of data that results from subdividing a larger protocol data unit. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The process of decreasing the size of data units when moving data from a network that can handle larger data units to a network than can handle only smaller data units. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The process of assigning a placeholder to each piece of a data block to allow the receiving node's Transport layer to reassemble the data in the correct order. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A connection for data exchange between two parties. The term session may be used in the context of Web, remote access, or terminal and mainframe communications, for example. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The fifth layer in the OSI model. The Session layer establishes and maintains communication between two nodes on the network. It can be considered the "traffic cop" for communications, such as videoconferencing, that require precisely coordinated data exchange. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A documented agreement containing technical specifications or other precise criteria that are used as guidelines to ensure that materials, products, processes, and services suit their intended purpose. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The packet one node sends to request a connection with another node on the network. The SYN packet is the first of three in the three-step process of establishing a connection. |
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Term
| SYN-ACK (synchronization-acknowledgment) |
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Definition
| The packet a node sends to acknowledge to another node that it has received a SYN request for connection. The SYN-ACK packet is the second of three in the three-step process of establishing a connection. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A device with little (if any) of its own processing or disk capacity that depends on a host to supply it with applications and data-processing services. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A three-step process in which Transport layer protocols establish a connection between nodes. The three steps are: Node A issues a SYN packet to node B, node B responds with SYN-ACK, and node A responds with ACK. |
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Term
| TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) |
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Definition
| A subgroup of the EIA that focuses on standards for information technology, wireless, satellite, fiber optics, and telephone equipment. Probably the best known standards to come from the TIA/EIA alliance are its guidelines for how network cable should be installed in commercial buildings, known as the "TIA/EIA 568-B Series." |
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Term
|
Definition
| A special control frame that indicates to the rest of the network that a particular node has the right to transmit data. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A networking technology developed by IBM in the 1980s. It relies upon direct links between nodes and a ring topology, using tokens to allow nodes to transmit data. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The fourth layer of the OSI model. In the Transport layer, protocols ensure that data are transferred from point A to point B reliably and without errors. Transport layer services include flow control, acknowledgment, error correction, segmentation, reassembly, and sequencing. |
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