Term
| The number of electrons needed to fill any valence shell above 2s |
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Definition
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Term
| The number of protons in an atom |
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Definition
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Term
| The total number of bonds an atom can form |
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Definition
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Term
| The time it takes for one half of a radioactive isotope to decay |
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Definition
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Term
| If an electron falls to a lower orbital it will ________ energy |
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Definition
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Term
| A chemical that participates in the initiation of a chemical reaction |
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Definition
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Term
| An isotope that is unstable and spontaneously decays |
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Definition
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Term
| Bond formed from the sharing of valence electrons |
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Definition
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Term
| Positively charged sub-atomic particle that gives an element its characteristics |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbon 14 spontaneously decays into this element |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of bond formed by stripping an electron from another atom |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of weak bond that gives water many of its properties |
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Definition
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Term
| The formation of glucose from carbon dioxide and water using light energy |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of covalent bond where electrons are not shared equally |
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Definition
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Term
| Form of an element with an unusual number of neutrons |
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Definition
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Term
| Atom in a compound with a negative charge |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio |
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Term
| About 96% of the human body is composed of what four elements? |
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Definition
| CHON (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen) |
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Term
| What is the charge of a neutron? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the charge of a proton? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the charge of an electron? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the weight of a neutron? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the weight of a proton? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the weight of an electron? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an Atomic Number? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The sum of the protons and neutrons in its nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| Variant forms of elements; Difference being the number of neutrons (protons and electrons stay the same) |
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Term
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Definition
Nucleus decays spontaneously
Gives off particles and energy
Pose serious risk to living organisms |
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Term
| How do radioactive isotopes are used in biological research? |
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Definition
| Tracers that follow molecules as they undergo chemical changes in an organism |
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Term
| What do you call a molecule with an unequal distribution of charges [Ex: Water]? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the relationship between energy and the position of the electron relative to the nucleus |
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Definition
| The farther an electron is from the nucleus, the greater its energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Bonding capacity. The number of additional electrons needed to fill an atoms outer shell |
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Term
| What is the valence of Carbon? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the valence of Hydrogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the valence of Nitrogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the valence of Oxygen? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Two atoms share one or more pairs of outer-shell electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| A bond with unequal sharing of electrons [the closer moves to the more electronegative atom, making it partially negative and the other atom partially positive] |
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Term
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Definition
| State of a molecule in which the electrons are shared equally between atoms [equal electronegativities] |
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Term
| What determines if a particular covalent bond is polar or nonpolar? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An atom's attraction for the shared electrons of a bond [the higher the number the stronger it pulls shared electrons toward its nucleus] |
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Term
| What element has the highest electronegativity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Fluorine's electronegativity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Oxygen's electronegativity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Nitrogen's electronegativity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Carbon and Sulfur's electronegativity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Phosphorus and Hydrogen's electronegativity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Lithium's electronegativity? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Type of bond that can form if two atoms are so unequal in their attraction for valence electrons that one atom strips an electron completely from the other. |
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Term
| Atoms with positive charges |
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Definition
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Term
| Atoms with negative charges |
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Definition
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Term
| When ionic salt dissociates in water it forms two types of ions. Give the names of both and identify the charge of each. |
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Definition
Sodium cations +
Chloride Anions - |
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Term
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Definition
| A weak bond formed with the charged regions of a molecule attracted to oppositely charged regions on the neighboring molecules |
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Term
| Compared to 31P, the radioactive isotope 32P has one more _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The atomic number of sulfur is 16. If sulfur combines with hydrogen to form a compound, predict the molecular formula for this molecule |
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Definition
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Term
| What coefficients must be placed in the blanks to balance this equation: ____H2O ---> ___H2 + O2 |
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Definition
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Term
| An atom of phosphorus has an atomic number of 15. Based upon this information, what will be the distribution of electrons? |
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Definition
2 e- in 1st shell
8 e- in 2nd shell
5 e- in 3rd shell |
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