Term
Traditional Reptilia Grouping
(5) |
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Definition
Common Ancestor
Turtles
Lizards
Snakes
Crocodiles |
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Term
Why is Traditional Reptilia Grouping Not Valid?
(2) |
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Definition
Excludes birds
Paraphyletic group |
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Term
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Definition
| Group w/ common ancestor but some descendants are excluded |
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Term
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Definition
| Groups most closely related to one another |
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Term
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Definition
Subphylum Urochrodata
Subphylum Cephalochordata
Subphylum Vertebrata |
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Term
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Definition
Tunicates/sea squirts
3,000 species
Marine filter feeders
Has tunic |
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Term
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Definition
Sessile
Only has pharyngeal slits and endostyle
Hermaphroditic |
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Term
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Definition
Free swimming (disperse away from adults)
Has all 5 chordate characters |
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Term
Subphylum Cephalochordata
(4) |
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Definition
Lancelets (amphioxus)
27 species
Marine filter feeders
Dioecious |
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Term
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Definition
| Protective covering made of cellulose |
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Term
Cephalochordata Derived Characters
(6) |
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Definition
Muscle blocks separated by connective tissue ("V" shaped myomeres)
Podocytes (excretory cells/precursor to kidneys)
Simple brain
Caudal fin
Ventral to dorsal blood flow through pharynx
No gills (diffusion) |
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Term
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Definition
63,000 species
Vertebrae
Cranium |
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Term
Derived Character: Cranium
(3) |
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Definition
Chondrocranium (cartilage surrounding brain)
Splanchnocranium (supports gill arches)
Dermatocranium (dermal bone) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cartilage in primitive vertebrates |
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Term
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Definition
Develops in dermis layer of skin
Cranium of most vertebrates |
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Term
Vert. Derived Character: Neural Crest Cells
(2) |
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Definition
Originate from developing nerve cord
Form structures such as cranium and nervous system |
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Term
| Vert. Derived Character: 3 Part Brain |
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Definition
| Higher processing & motor control |
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Term
| Vert. Derived Character: Epidermal Placodes |
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Definition
| Cell clusters give rise to sensory organs |
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Term
Vert. Derived Character: Inner Ear
(2) |
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Definition
Semicircular canals
Function: balance, equilibrium |
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Term
| Vert. Derived Character: Lateral Line System |
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Definition
| Function: detects vibrations in water |
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Term
Vert. Derived Character: Paired Kidneys
(2) |
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Definition
Function: filters blood of metabolic waste
Nitrogenous compound |
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Term
Differences between Verts. & Inverts.
(2) |
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Definition
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Term
Vert. General Character: Sensory Organs
(3) |
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Definition
Eyes (paired)
Chemoreceptors (taste and smell)
Ears (paired) |
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Term
Vert. General Character: Pharynx
(2) |
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Definition
Gill filaments (true tissue, gas exchange)
Muscular and gill arches supported (pumps H2O over gills & increases gas exchange efficiency) |
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Term
| 2/3 of All Vertebrates Are? |
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Definition
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Term
Vert. General Character: Digestive system
(2) |
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Definition
Muscular gut
Accessory organs aid digestion (liver and pancreas produce enzymes) |
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Term
| Vert. General Character: Circulatory System |
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Definition
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Term
| Vert. General Character: Support |
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Definition
Exoskeleton of dermal bone (primitive condition)
Endoskeleton of cartilage or endochondral bone (bone formed inside cartilage and replaces it) |
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Term
| Vert. General Character: Locomotion |
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Definition
Muscles ("W" shaped myomeres)
Dermal rays in caudal fin
Dorsal fin |
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Term
Advantage of Endoskeleton?
(2) |
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Definition
Size and growth limited with an exoskeleton
Endoskeleton has less mass |
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Term
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Definition
Maintains direction
Prevents rolling (stability) |
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