Microscopic Anatomy

Structures that cannot be seen

without magnification.

Gross Anatomy

(macroscopic anatomy)

Relatively large structures and

features visible to the unaided eye.

Regional Anatomy

Considers all of the superficial and internal features in a specific area of the body, such as the head, neck or trunk.

Systemic Anatomy

Considers the structure of major organ systems, such as the skeletal or muscular systems.

Developmental Anatomy

Changes that occur from birth to old age.

Comparative Anatomy

Comparing our human bodies to other animal's.

Medical Anatomy

Focuses on anatomical features that may undergo recognizeable pathological changes during illness.

Radiographic Anatomy

Study of anatomical structures as they are visualized by x-rays, ultrasounds, etc.

Physiology

Reasons for studying anatomy

1.) Provides clues about probable functions

2.) All specific functions are performed by specific structures.

Chemical or Molecular 

level of organization

99% of the total # of atoms are hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen

Cellular 

Level of Org

Cells :) 

(they cannot internal structures called organelles)

 Tissue

Level of Org

Specialized cells connect to form distinctive tissues.

Ex: Heart muscle

 Organs

Level of org

Layers of tissue form an organ

Organ Systems

L.of Org

Interrelated events at the chemical, cellular, tissue, and organ levels of organization to form organ systems. 

Organism

level of org

Reflects the interactions among organ systems. :)

Basic functions of living organisms

-Responsiveness

-Growth and differentiation

-Reproduction

-Movement

-Metabolism and excretion

Integumentary System

Function: Protection from environment; temp control

Organs: skin (epidermis, dermis); hair follicles; sweat glands; nails; sensory receptors

Skeletal System

Function: Support; protection of soft tissues; mineral storage; blood formation

Organs: Bones; cartilages; joints; bone marrow

Muscular System

Functions: Locomotion; support; heat production

Organs: Skeletal muscles; tendons; aponeuroses

Nervous System

 Function: direct immediate responses to stimuli

Organs: Brain; spinal cord; special senses (CNS); periperal nervous system

Endocrine System

Functions: Directing long-term changes in activities in other organ systems

Organs: Pineal gland; pituitary gland; thyroid gland; parathyroid gland; thymus; kidneys; pancreas; gonads

Cardiovascular System

Functions: Internal transport of cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes and gases

Organs: Heart; blood vessels; blood

Lymphatic System

Function: Defense against infection and disease

Organs: Lymphatic vessels; lymph nodes; spleen; thymus

Respiratory System

Functions: Delivery of air to sites where gas exchange occurs between the air and circulating blood

Organs: Nasal cavities; sinuses; pharynx; larynx; trachea; bronchi; lungs

Digestive System

Functions: Processing of food and absorption of organic nutrients, minerals, vitamins and water.

Organs: Mouth; salivary glands; pharynx; esophagas; stomach; intestines; liver; gall bladder; pancreas

Urinary System

Functions: Elimination of excess H2O, salts and waste products; control of pH

Organs: Kidneys; ureters; urinary bladder; urethra

Reproductive System

Function: Production of sex cells and hormones

Organs: Testes; ovaries; accessory organs (men); penis; scrotum; uterus; vagina; clitoris; labia