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| a law believed to be granted by God |
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| a system of government based on landowners and tenants. |
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| a line of rulers in China, from about 1045 to 256 BCE |
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| a piece of bone or shell heated and cracked by holy men to seek advice from a king's ancestors |
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| honoring of ancestors through rituals, such as offering food and wine to the spirits of the dead |
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| a strong metal alloy made from copper |
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| one of the first Chinese dynasties,ruled form 1700 - 1122 BCE |
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| location where ruins were found from the Shang dynasty, Chinas first civilization |
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| the Daoist concept of opposing forces of nature |
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| the spreading of cultural traits, such as goods and ideas, from one culture to another, or within one another |
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| a person who works for a government |
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| the dynasty that ruled China from about 206 BCE to 220 CE, the period following the Qin dynasty |
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| a gorup of people traveling together |
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| a large, complex organization that functions under a given set of rules and conditions |
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| to remove or hide ideas that are dangerous |
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| a networkof trade routes that went for 4 thousand miles across Asia |
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| the first emperor to rule a united China, from 221-210 BCE |
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| a region in Huang He River valley, where Chinese civilization began |
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| Daoism was much less focused on politics. The idea behind it is that humans need to be connected with "the dao" or "the way of nature." It's all about the balance of good and bad in the world: the yin and the yang. According to Daoism, having money and power does not matter. Some Daoists actually moved into the woods to become closer with nature. |
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| Confucianism was started by Kung Fuzi (We know him as Confucius, but his name actually meant "Kung the philosopher"). He felt that if rulers were honest and children respected their parents, everything would fall into place. In Confucianism, each person has a role that they must follow. In the family, the father has the most say, with the eldest son next in line. A ruler has to be everything he wants his people to be: intelligent, patient, graceful - you get the idea. Free thinking was encouraged, but it was considered disgraceful to question your elders. |
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| Legalism was the approach that actually ended all the fighting, but at a heavy price: books were burned, and all free thinking was stopped. People were not inspired by their leaders, but scared. Almost all crimes had similar, harsh punishments. It didn't matter if you stole a loaf of bread or murdered a person - you were still a criminal. There was a strict punishment-reward system. Eventually, the people of Ancient China revolted and Legalism ended. |
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