Term
Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues:
Normal Alveolar PO2: |
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Definition
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Term
Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues:
Normal Arterial PO2: |
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Definition
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Term
Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues:
Normal Alveolar PCO2: |
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Definition
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Term
Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues:
Normal Arterial PCO2: |
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Definition
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Term
Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues:
Normal Venous PO2: |
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Definition
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Term
Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues:
Normal Venous PCO2: |
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Definition
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Term
Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues:
What two factors affect alveolar PO2? |
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Definition
1) the composition of inspired air.
2) the effectiveness of alveolar ventilation. |
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Term
Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues:
What three factors affect gas exchange efficiency and arterial PO2? |
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Definition
1) Changes in alveolar surface area
2) Changes in alveolar membrane thickness
3) Changes in interstitial distance between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries |
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Term
Gas Transport in the Blood:
What are the two ways in which oxygen is carried throughout the body? Give the percentages regarding each transport option. |
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Definition
1) Dissolved in the plasma (<2%)
2) Bound to hemoglobin (>98%) |
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Term
Gas Transport in the Blood:
What does the PO2 of plasma determine? |
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Definition
| How much oxygen binds to hemoglobin. |
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Term
Gas Transport in the Blood:
Oxygen-hemoglobin binding is influenced by what three factors? |
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Definition
1) pH
2) temperature
3) 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) |
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Term
Gas Transport in the Blood:
Name the transporters of CO2 in the venous system along with their respective percentages. |
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Definition
1) Dissolved in Plasma (7%)
2) as Carbaminohemoglobin (23%)
3) as Bicarbonate ion in the plasma (70%) |
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Term
Gas Transport in the Blood:
Give the role of Carbonic anhydrase in RBCs. |
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Definition
| Converts CO2 to carbonic acid, which dissociates into H+ and HCO3-. |
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Term
Gas Transport in the Blood:
What happens to the H+ and HCO3- after carbonic acid is dissociated? |
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Definition
| The H+ binds to hemoglobin and HCO3- enters the plasma using the chloride shift. |
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Term
Regulation of Ventilation:
Where does respiratory control reside; what influences it? |
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Definition
| In networks of neurons in the medulla and pons, influenced by input from central and peripheral sensory receptors and higher brain centers. |
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Term
Regulation of Ventilation:
Peripheral chemoreceptors: where are they located? What do they do? |
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Definition
1) Located in the carotid and aortic bodies
2) Monitor PO2, PCO2, and pH |
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Term
Regulation of Ventilation:
If there is a drop in PO2 below 60 mm Hg what do the chemorecptors do? |
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Definition
| They trigger an increase in ventilation. |
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Term
Regulation of Ventilation:
(Blank) is the primary stimulus for changes in ventilation. |
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Definition
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Term
Regulation of Ventilation:
Chemoreceptors in the (Blank 2x) respond to changes in PCO2. |
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Definition
1) Medulla
2) Carotid Bodies |
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Term
Regulation of Ventilation:
Protective reflexes monitored by (Blank) prevent injury to the lungs from (Blank). |
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Definition
1) Peripheral receptors
2) Inhaled irritants |
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Term
Regulation of Ventilation:
What to factors can affect respiratory activity? |
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Definition
1) Conscious thought processes
2) Unconscious thought processes |
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