Term
The Respiratory System:
In living cells, aerobic respiration does what? |
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Definition
| Consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide. |
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Term
The Respiratory System:
Name the three structural requirements of gas exchange. |
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Definition
1) A large, thin, moist exchange surface.
2) A pump to move air.
3) A circulatory system to transport gases to the cells. |
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Term
The Respiratory System:
Name the functions of the respiratory system. |
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Definition
1) Gas exchange.
2)pH regulation
3) Vocalization
4) Protection from foreign substances |
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Term
The Respiratory System:
This term refers to cellular metabolism that consumes oxygen: |
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Definition
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Term
The Respiratory System:
(Blank) is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and cells of the body. It includes (Blank 3x). |
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Definition
1) External Respiration
2)Ventilation
3)Gas exchange at the lung and cells
4)Transport of gases in the blood. |
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Term
The Respiratory System:
(Blank) is the movement of air into and out of the lungs. |
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Definition
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Term
The Respiratory System:
The (Blank) consists of anatomical structures involved in ventilation and gas exchange. |
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Definition
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Term
The Respiratory System:
Name the components of the upper respiratory tract. |
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Definition
1) Mouth
2) Nasal Cavity
3) Pharynx
4) Larynx |
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Term
The Respiratory System:
Name the components of the lower respiratory tract. |
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Definition
1) Trachea
2) Bronchi
3) Bronchioles
4) Exchange surfaces of the alveoli |
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Term
The Respiratory System:
Name the components of the thoracic cage. |
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Definition
1) The Ribs
2) The Spine
3) The Diaphragm |
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Term
The Respiratory System:
What muscles connect the ribs? |
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Definition
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Term
The Respiratory System:
Each lung is contained within a double-walled (Blank) that contains a small quantity of (Blank). |
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Definition
1) Pleural Sac
2) Pleural Fluid |
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Term
The Respiratory System:
The two (Blank) enter the lungs. Each (Blank) divides into progressively smaller (Blank) and finally into collapsible (Blank). |
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Definition
1) Primary Bronchi
2) Bronchi
3) Bronchi
4) Bronchioles |
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Term
The Respiratory System:
What are the functions of the upper respiratory system? |
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Definition
1) Filtration of inhaled air.
2) Warming of inhaled air.
3) Humidification of inhaled air. |
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Term
The Respiratory System:
Name the three major components of and alveolus and their major functions |
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Definition
1) Type I alveolar cells: gas exchange
2) Type II alveolar cells: produce surfactant
3) Network of capillaries: gas transport |
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Term
The Respiratory System:
Blood flow through the lungs equals (Blank). (Blank) to blood flow in the pulmonary circulation is low. Pulmonary arterial pressure averages (Blank). |
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Definition
1) Cardiac Output
2) Resistance
3) 25/8 mm Hg |
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Term
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Definition
| The total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures of the individual gases in the mixture. |
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Term
Gas Laws:
Partial Pressure: |
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Definition
| The pressure contributed by a single gas in a mixture. |
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Term
Gas Laws:
Bulk flow of air occurs (Blank), as does the movement of any individual gas making up the air. |
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Definition
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Term
Gas Laws:
Boyle's Law and how it applies to the body. |
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Definition
| As the volume available to a gas increases, the gas pressure decreases. The body creates pressure gradients by changing thoracic volume. |
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Term
Ventilation:
A single respiratory cycle consists of what? |
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Definition
| An inspiration and an expiration. |
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Term
Ventilation:
(Blank) is the amount of air taken in during a single normal inspiration. (Blank) is the tidal volume plus expiratory and inspiratory reserve volumes. Air volume at the end of maximal expiration is the (Blank). |
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Definition
1) Tidal Volume
2) Vital Capacity
3) Residual Volume |
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Term
Ventilation:
Air flow in the respiratory system is (Blank) to the pressure gradient and (Blank) to the resistance to air flow offered by the airways. |
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Definition
1) directly proportional
2) inversely related |
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Term
Ventilation:
During inspiration, alveolar pressure (Blank), and air flows into the lungs. Inspiration requires (Blank) of the inspiratory muscles and the (Blank). |
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Definition
1) decreases
2) contraction
3) diaphragm |
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Term
Ventilation:
(Blank) is usually passive, resulting from (Blank) of the lungs. |
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Definition
1) Expiration
2) Elastic Recoil |
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Term
Ventilation:
(Blank) requires contraction of the intercostal and abdominal muscles. |
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Definition
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Term
Ventilation:
(Blank) are subatmospheric because the (Blank) is a sealed compartment. |
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Definition
1) Intrapleural pressures
2) Pleural Cavity |
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Term
Ventilation:
What is compliance? |
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Definition
| A measure of the ease with which the chest wall and lungs expand. |
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Term
Ventilation:
What occurs with the loss of compliance? |
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Definition
| An increase in the amount of work necessary to breathe. |
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Term
Ventilation:
What is elastance? |
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Definition
| The ability of a stretched lung to return to its normal volume. |
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Term
Ventilation:
What does surfactant do and why is its function important? |
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Definition
| Surfactant decreases surface tension in the fluid lining the alveoli. Reduced surface tension prevents smaller alveoli from collapsing and also makes it easier to inflate the lungs. |
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Term
| What does the diameter of a bronchiole determine? |
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Definition
| The amount of resistance it offers to air flow. |
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Term
Ventilation:
Increased CO2 in expired air (Blank) bronchioles. |
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Definition
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Term
Ventilation:
Parasympathetic neurons cause (Blank)in response to irritant stimuli. |
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Definition
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Term
| There is no significant sympathetic innervation of bronchioles, but epinephrine causes (Blank). |
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Definition
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Term
Ventilation:
Tidal volume x Ventilation rate = |
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Definition
| Total pulmonary ventilation. |
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Term
Ventilation:
Ventilation rate x (tidal volume - dead space volume) = |
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Definition
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Term
Ventilation:
(Blank) changes very little during normal respiration. |
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Definition
| Alveolar gas composition. |
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Term
Ventilation:
Hyperventilation (Blank) alveolar PO2 and (Blank) alveolar PCO2. Hypoventilation has the (Blank) effect. |
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Definition
1) Increases
2) Decreases
3) Opposite |
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Term
Ventilation:
What are the functions of the local mechanisms around the alveoli? |
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Definition
| Match air flow and blood flow. |
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Term
Ventilation:
(Blank) levels of CO2 dilate bronchioles, and (Blank) O2 constricts pulmonary arterioles. |
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Definition
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Term
Lung Volumes and Capacities (Males):
1) Total Volume at the end of normal inspiration:
2) Total volume at the end of normal expiration:
3) Tidal Volume:
4) Inspiratory Reserve Volume:
5) Expiratory Reserve Volume:
6) Residual Volume:
7) Inspiratory Capacity:
8) Vital Capacity:
9) Functional Residual Capacity:
10) Total Lung Capacity: |
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Definition
1) 2800 mL
2) 2300 mL
3) 500 mL
4) 3000 mL
5) 1100 mL
6) 1200 mL
7) 3500 mL
8) 4600 mL
9) 2300 mL
10) 5800 mL |
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Term
Lung Volumes and Capacities (Females):
1) End of Normal Inspiration
2) End of Normal Expiration
3) Tidal Volume
4) Inspiratory Reserve Volume
5) Expiratory Reserve Volume
6) Inspiratory Capacity
7) Vital Capacity
8) Residual Volume
9) Functional Residual Capacity
10) Total Lung Capacity |
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Definition
1) 2300 mL
2) 1800 mL
3) 500 mL
4) 1900 mL
5) 700 mL
6) 2400 mL
7) 3100 mL
8) 1100 mL
9) 1800 mL
10) 4200 mL |
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Term
Normal Ventilation Values in Pulmonary Medicine:
1) Total Pulmonary Ventilation
2) Total Alveolar Ventilation
3) Maximum Voluntary Ventilation
4) Respiratory Rate |
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Definition
1) 6 L/min
2) 4.2 L/min
3) 125-170 L/min
4) 12-20 Breaths/min |
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