Term
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Definition
| Tested around 29,000 Peas |
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Term
| Advantages to testing peas |
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Definition
-Many testable characteristics and traits.
-Normally self-fertilizing
-Easy to true-breed
-Large flowers make for easy crossing |
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Term
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Definition
-Flower color
-Flower position
-Seed color
-Seed shape
-Pod shape
-Pod color
-Height |
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Term
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Definition
| -Generation differ on one trait |
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Term
| Important ideas in simple inheritance (1/3) |
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Definition
| Dominant and Recessive traits |
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Term
| Important ideas in simple inheritance (2/3) |
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Definition
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Term
| Important ideas in simple inheritance (3/3) |
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Definition
Segregation of Alleles
-Approx 3:1 ratio |
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Term
| Mendel's Law of segregation |
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Definition
| 2 copies of a gene segregate from each other during transmission from parent to offspring |
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Term
| Law of independent assortment |
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Definition
| Alleles of different genes assort independently of each other during gamete formation |
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Term
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Definition
| Genetic composition of individual |
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Term
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Definition
| Characteristics that are a result of gene expression |
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Term
| Two-factor cross possible patterns (2) |
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Definition
-2 genes linked so that variants found together in parents are always inherited as a unit.
-2 genes and independent and randomly distributed |
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Term
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Definition
| Offspring are hybrids with respect to both traits |
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Term
| Chromosome Theory of inheritance (1/5) |
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Definition
| Chromosomes contain DNA, which is the genetic material. Genes are found in chromosomes. |
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Term
| Chromosome Theory of inheritance (2/5) |
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Definition
| Chromosomes are replicated and passed from parent to offspring. They are also passed from cell to cell during the development of a multicellular organism. |
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Term
| Chromosome Theory of inheritance (3/5) |
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Definition
| the nucleus of a diploid contains two sets of chromosomes, which are found in homologous pairs. The maternal and paternal sets of homologous chromosomes are functionally equivalent; each set carries a full complement of genes. |
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Term
| Chromosome Theory of inheritance (4/5) |
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Definition
| At meiosis, one member of each chromosomes pair segregates into each daughter nucleus. |
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Term
| Chromosome Theory of inheritance (5/5) |
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Definition
| Gametes are haploid cells that combine to form a diploid cell. Each gamete contains one set of chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The physical location of a gene on a chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| Inherited trait in analyzed over the course of a few generation in one family. |
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Term
| Pedigree analysis - Cystic Fibrosis |
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Definition
-3% of American of European descent carry recessive allele.
-Homozygous individuals exhibit symptoms:
-Abnormal transport of chloride and sodium ions across membranes
-Viscous secretions in lungs, pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
X-Y system, XX=male, XY=female
X-O system, X or XO=male, XX=female
Z-W system, ZZ=male, ZW=female |
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Term
| Some species such as ____ and ____ have sex controlled my environmental conditions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Hemophilia A (sex-linked) |
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Definition
-Caused by recessive X-linked gene
-"Royal Disease"
-Endcodes defective clotting protein |
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Term
| Morgan's experiments showed a correlation between a genetic trait and the inheritance of a sex chromosome in Drosophila |
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Definition
-X-linked gene the first to be located on a specific chromosome.
-Found a true-breeding line with white-eyed males rather than red eyes.
-Results suggested a connection between alleles for eye color and sex.
-Lower than expected number of white-eyed flies explained by a decreased survival rate
-1933, Morgan first geneticist to receive Nobel Prize |
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Term
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Definition
-Inheritance pattern of genes that segregate and assort independently.
-Simple Mendelian inheritance - one trait is completely dominant over the other.
-X-linked inheritance - pairs of dominant and recessive alleles found on the X chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| When one gene influences multiple phenotypic trates |
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Term
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Definition
-Heterozygote has intermediate phenotype
-Neither allele is dominant
-Phenylketonuria (PKU) - Heterozygotes appear phenotypically normal but heterozygotes have double the normal phenylalanine levels |
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Term
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Definition
-3 or more variants in a population
-Phenotype depends on which two phenotypes are inherited
-ABO blood types in humans |
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Term
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Definition
-Norm or reaction - effects of environmental variation on a phenotype (phenotypic plasticity)
-Genetically identical plant grow different height at different temperatures
People with PKU can develop normally if given a diet free of phenylaline (if not can develop retardation) |
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Term
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Definition
-Deviation between observed and expected outcome.
-Larger amples have less error.
-Small families can expect deviation from expectant |
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Term
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Definition
| -Probability that two or more independent events will occur is equal to the product of their individual probabilities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Probability that one of two or more mutually exclusive outcomes will occur is the sum of the probabilities of the posible outcomes. |
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Definition
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