Term
| taste, smell, sight, hearing, and balance |
|
Definition
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Term
| actually a large group of general senses |
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Definition
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Term
| Special sensory receptors are localized and confined to the ... |
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Definition
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Term
Receptors for special senses are not free endings of
sensory neurons, they are __?__ and __?__ receptor cells |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is another word for gustation ? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is another word for olfaction? |
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Definition
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Term
| Receptors for taste and smell are classified as __?____ because they respond to chemicals |
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Definition
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Term
| Taste receptors Occur in taste buds located within epithelium that covers ___?___ |
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Definition
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Term
| ___?___ are peg-like projections of tongue |
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Definition
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|
Term
most ____?_____ are found on the surface of the tongue; located within
tongue papillae |
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Definition
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|
Term
| papillae scattered over entire surface of tongue |
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Definition
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Term
| papillae arranged in an inverted V-shape near back of tongue |
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Definition
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Term
| Taste Buds are a Collection of ___?____ epithelial cells that contain three major cell types |
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Definition
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Term
| insulate receptor cells in Taste Buds from each other; |
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Definition
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Term
| receptor cells in Taste Buds |
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Definition
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Term
| immature and regularly replace Supporting and Gustatory cells |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 5 Qualities of taste |
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Definition
| sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Smell receptors are part of the olfactory epithelium on the ____ of nasal cavity |
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Definition
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Term
| Smell receptors are composed of what 3 types of cells ... |
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Definition
| olfactory receptor cells, supporting cells, and basal cells |
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Term
| olfactory receptor cells and their supporting cells are what type of cells because of their shape? |
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Definition
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Term
| basal cells in the roof of nasal cavity are undifferentiated cells that form __________?_________ |
|
Definition
| new olfactory receptor cells |
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Term
| Axons of olfactory epithelium do what? |
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Definition
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|
Term
filaments of the olfactory nerve, pass through the cribriform
plate of the ethmoid bone, and attach to the _____?____ |
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Definition
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Term
| the eye is our ___?___ organ |
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Definition
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Term
| how much of the anterior surface of the eye is visible? |
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Definition
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Term
| __?____% of all sensory receptors are in the eyes |
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Definition
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Term
| ___?___ % of the cerebral cortex is involved in processing visual information |
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Definition
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Term
| coarse hairs on the superciliary arches; shade eyes and protect from perspiration |
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Definition
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|
Term
these structures are :
separated by the palpebral fissure (eye slit) &
meet at the medial and lateral angles |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the palpebral fissure is the ___?___ |
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Definition
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Term
| corners of the eye are also known as .... |
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Definition
| canthi (plural) or canthus (singular) |
|
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Term
| reddish elevation at the medial canthus |
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Definition
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Term
| connective tissue within the eyelids that serve as attachment sites for obicularis oculi |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Tarsal glands are modified ___?__ glands |
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Definition
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Term
| transparent mucous membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| covers inner surface of eyelids |
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Definition
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Term
| folds back into anterior surface of eye = contains blood vessels that cause blood shot eyes |
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Definition
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Term
| slit-like space between the eye and the eyelid that forms when the eye is closed |
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Definition
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Term
| keeps the surface of the eye moist |
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Definition
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|
Term
produces lacrimal fluid (tears = mucus,
antibodies, lysosomes) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| fluid From the Lacrimal sac empties into ___?____ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how many muscles control movement of the eye? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Extrinsic Eye Muscles originate in the walls of the __?___ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Extrinsic Eye Muscles insert on ____?_____ of the eyeball |
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Definition
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|
Term
| origin of the four rectus muscles (superior, lateral, inferior, and medial) |
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Definition
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Term
| muscles move eye laterally (outward) |
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Definition
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Term
| muscle moves eye medially (toward middle) |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| muscle depresses eye and moves it laterally; |
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Definition
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|
Term
| elevates eye and moves it laterally |
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Definition
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|
Term
Components of the eye function to:
• protect and support the _____?______ |
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Definition
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|
Term
Components of the eye function to:
gather, focus, and process light into _____?______ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| most anterior part of the eye |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| most posterior part of the eye |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Most external layer of the eyeball |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The Fibrous Tunic is Composed of two regions of connective tissue called the ___?__ and the ___?___ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| posterior five-sixths of the tunic; white, opaque region; provides shape and an anchor for eye muscles |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| anterior one-sixth of the fibrous tunic; light enters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| junction between sclera and cornea; contains epithelial cells that continuously replace corneal epthelium |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| middle coat of the eyeball |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the Vascular tunic is composed of _______, _______, and ______ |
|
Definition
| choroid, ciliary body, and iris |
|
|
Term
| vascular, darkly pigmented membrane |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Choroid forms ___?____ of the vascular tunic |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the brown color in choroid is from ____?_____ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Choroid prevents scattering of ___?____ within the eye; |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Choroid is richly ____?_____ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| thickened ring of tissue that encircles the lens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the Ciliary body is composed of ____?_____ and focuses the lens |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Ciliary processes are located on the _____?______ of the ciliary body |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| suspensory ligament (attached around entire circumference of the lens) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Visible colored part of the eye; attached to the ciliary body; composed of smooth muscle |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the round, central opening of iris; |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| ___?_____ muscles act to vary the size of the pupil |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the ___?____ is also known as the sensory tunic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sensory tunic – the deepest tunic; composed of two layers: ___?___ layer and ___?___ layer |
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Definition
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|
Term
| single layer of melanocytes within choroid |
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Definition
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|
Term
| sheet of nervous tissue in the eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the three main types of neurons in the Neural layer ? |
|
Definition
photoreceptor cells
bipolar cells
ganglion cells |
|
|
Term
| photoreceptor cells signal ____?___ cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bipolar cells signal ____?___ cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ganglion cells are signaled to generate or not generate ___?___ through the optic nerve to brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the Two main types of Photoreceptors? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| more sensitive to light and more numerous; allow vision in dim light; no color vision |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| operate best in bright light; enable high- acuity, color vision |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Photoreceptors are Considered to be ___?___ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Macula lutea – contains mostly ____?____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fovea centralis is the region of highest _____?_____ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| where axons converge and exit eye = blind spot |
|
Definition
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|
Term
thick, transparent, biconvex disc
• held in place by its ciliary zonule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| covers anterior surface of the lens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___?____ form the bulk of the lens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how often are new lens fibers added? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lens enlarges and becomes more___?__ throughout life |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The lens and ciliary zonules do what to the eye? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| ___?___ of the eye = filled with vitreous humor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| clear, jelly-like substance; transmits light, supports the posterior surface of the lens; helps maintain intraocular pressure |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Divided into anterior and posterior chambers |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| between the cornea and iris |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
both the Anterior and Posterior chamber are filled with
__?____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| aqueous humor is ____?___ continuously |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| aqueous humor is formed as a ____?____ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
aqueous humor supplies nutrients to the __?__ and __?__
 |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| receptor organ for hearing and equilibrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Helps gathers, funnels, & direct sounds = shell- shaped projection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| short tube (~ 2.5 cm) running from auricle to eardrum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the entrance to the external auditory canal is through the ____?___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the external auditory canal is Lined with ___?__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the external auditory canal contains.. which three components? |
|
Definition
| hairs, sebaceous glands, and ceruminous (wax) glands |
|
|
Term
| eardrum; forms the boundary between the external and middle ear; transmits vibrations to ossicles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small, air-filled space; located within the temporal bone |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the tympanic cavity is located in the ____?_____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the Medial wall of the middle ear is penetrated by which two structures? |
|
Definition
| superior oval window (vestibular window) and inferior round window (cochlear window) |
|
|
Term
| links the middle ear and pharynx; normally flattened but can be opened to equalize pressure |
|
Definition
| Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory or eustachian tube) |
|
|
Term
| smallest bones in the body; transmit vibrations of eardrum to inner ear where sound receptors are located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (hammer)– attaches to the eardrum |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| (anvil) between the malleus and stapes |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| (stirrup) vibrates against the oval window |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lies within temporal bone; consists of bony and membranous parts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the labyrinth is located in the ____?____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the Bony labyrinth of inner ear is a cavity consisting of which three parts? |
|
Definition
| • 1. Semicircular canals, • 2. Vestibule, • 3. Cochlea |
|
|
Term
| Series of membrane-walled sacs and ducts; fit within the bony labyrinth; |
|
Definition
| Membranous labyrinth of inner ear |
|
|
Term
| Membranous labyrinth of inner ear contains which three main parts? |
|
Definition
• 1. Semicircular ducts,
• 2. Utricle and saccule,
• 3. Cochlear duct |
|
|
Term
| central part of the bony labyrinth; lies medial to the middle ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| located inside of vestibule; suspended in perilymph; Two egg-shaped parts of the membranous labyrinth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Utricle and saccul house a sensory spot called the ___?___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
monitor the position of the head when the head is still and straight line changes
 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the macula contains ___?___ cells; |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the hair cells in the macula synapse with the ____?__ nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contain receptors for rotational acceleration; lie posterior and lateral to the vestibule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ and _____ canals lie in the vertical plane at right angles in the inner ear |
|
Definition
| Anterior and posterior semicircular canals |
|
|
Term
| snakes through each semicircular canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| canal that lies in the horizontal plane |
|
Definition
| Lateral semicircular canal |
|
|
Term
| the Lateral semicircular canal houses a structure called a ___?__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| crista ampullaris contains receptor cells of _____?_______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spiraling chamber in the bony labyrinth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cochlear duct (scala media) – contains receptors for __?___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| scala media is another name for the ___?___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the floor of the cochlear duct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the receptor epithelium for hearing that sits on basilar membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Organ of Corti consists of: supporting cells; inner and outer ___?___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hair cells are also known as ____?___ |
|
Definition
|
|
