Term
| How HIV can be Transmitted |
|
Definition
• Blood
• Semen
• Cervicovaginal secretions
• Breast milk |
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Term
|
Definition
| Must have a host organism to survive |
|
|
Term
| Other Fluids that contain HIV Virus |
|
Definition
• Saliva
• Urine
• Tears
• Feces |
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Term
|
Definition
| also Perinatal Transmission from a mother to a fetus that can occur during pregnancy, during delivery, or through postpartum breastfeeding. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
• Sexual Transmission
• Parenteral Exposure
• Perinatal (Vertical) Transmission |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lentivirus that contains reverse transcriptase, which is essential in the production of a DNA molecule from a RNA model |
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Term
|
Definition
| A type of white blood cells; a protein on the surface of cells that normally help the body's immune system combat disease. |
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Term
|
Definition
A rare cancer of the skin and mucous membranes characterized by blue, red, or purple raised lesions.
-Tx: Radiation ; Chemotherapy |
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Term
| Pneumocystis Jiroveci (Carinii) Pneumonia (PCP) |
|
Definition
An unusual pulmonary disease caused by a fungus and primarily associated with people who have suppressed immune systems.
-S/Sx: Fever, night sweats, productive cough, SOB
-Tx: Bactrim or Septra; pentamidine; steroids
- Wear gown, mask, and gloves during patient care |
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Term
|
Definition
Normal = 600 - 1200
Minor Immune problems = 200 - 499
Severe Immune problems = < 200 |
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Term
|
Definition
-Found worldwide and is the prevalent strain in most places, including Europe, the US, and Central Africa.
-Patients with HIV-1 develop profound immunodeficiency and high viral loads, resulting in death.
-More virulent than HIV-2 |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-Higher prevalence rate in parts of Africa and its surrounding countries.
-Less infectious during initial stages of infection than HIV-1.
-Those infected tend to have a normal lifespan. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Determines how quickly the CD4+ cells are destroyed. |
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Term
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) |
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Definition
| The end stage of HIV infection, in which the infected person has a CD4+ count of less than 200 cells/mm3 |
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Term
| S/Sx of Early HIV Disease |
|
Definition
May not appear until 10 - 14 years after exposure.
• Persistent, unexplained fever
• Night sweats
• Diarrhea
• Weight loss
• Fatigue |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The stabilizing of the viral load that is reached 4 - 6 months after exposure. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-The development of antibodies from HIV
-Occurs in 1 - 12 weeks after exposure. |
|
|
Term
| Acute Retroviral Syndrome |
|
Definition
• Seroconversion Illness
• Marked by flu-like symptoms or mononucleosis-like syndrome (lasts 1 - 2 weeks) |
|
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Term
| S/Sx of Early Symptomatic Phase of HIV |
|
Definition
• CD4+ cell count drops below 500 cells/mcL
• Persistent, unexplained fevers
• Drenching night sweats
• Chronic diarrhea
• Headaches
• Fatigue
• Lymphadenopathy
• Recurrent or localized infections
• Neurological manifestations |
|
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Term
|
Definition
• Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
• Detects the presence of HIV
antibodies
• If positive, ELISA is done a second
time |
|
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Term
|
Definition
• Done if second ELISA is positive
• More sensitive than ELISA
• Usually takes 4-6 weeks for result
• Confirms HIV positive status |
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|
Term
| Therapeutic Management of HIV/AIDS |
|
Definition
• Monitoring HIV disease progression and immune function
• Preventing the development of opportunistic diseases
• Initiating and monitoring antiretroviral therapy
• Detecting and treating opportunistic diseases
• Managing symptoms
• Preventing complications of treatment |
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Term
| Most Common Opportunistic Diseases Associated with HIV |
|
Definition
• Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP)
• Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS)
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
• Cryptococcal Meningitis
• Toxoplasma Encephalitis
• Mycobacterium (avium / tuberculosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Uncertainty
• Isolation
• Fear
• Depression
• Limited financial resources |
|
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Term
| Early Interventions of HIV |
|
Definition
• Good nutritional habits
• Elimination of smoking and drug use
• Elimination or moderation of alcohol intake
• Regular exercise
• Stress reduction
• Avoidance of exposure to new infectious agents
• Mental health counseling
• Involvement in support groups
• Safer sexual practices |
|
|
Term
| Later Interventions of HIV |
|
Definition
- Treat opportunistic diseases
- Diarrhea is often a long-term problem
• Low-fat, low-fiber, high-
potassium diet
• Adequate fluid intake
• Good skin care
- Nutritional
• Encourage nutritional supplements
• Increase protein
• Enteral supplements (NG tube)
• TPN |
|
|
Term
| Barriers to Prevention of HIV |
|
Definition
• Denial - “It won’t happen to me”
• Ignoring risks
• Fear, misunderstanding, and potential for social
isolation
• Cultural and community attitudes, values, and norms - Opposed to HIV and AIDS education in schools |
|
|
Term
| Patient Teaching for HIV patients |
|
Definition
• Do not give blood, donate organs, or donate semen
• Do not share razors, toothbrushes, or other household
items that may contain blood or other body fluids;
shower instead of tub bath
• Avoid infecting sexual and needle-sharing partners
• Do not breastfeed |
|
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Term
|
Definition
• B cells reduce virus in blood
• T cells reduce virus in lymph nodes |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-S/Sx: Retinitis ; Colitis
-Tx: Ganciclovir ; Foscarnet |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-S/Sx: Fever ; Headache
-Tx: Amphotericin B ; Fluconazole |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-S/Sx: Fever ; headache ; seizures ;
mental changes
-Tx: Pyrimethamine ; folic acid ; Sulfadiazine ; Clindamycin |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- Avium complex or Tuberculosis
-S/Sx: Fever ; chills ; sweats ; Abdominal pain ; bone pain ; Fatigue ; diarrhea; nausea ; weight loss
-Tx: Rifampin; INH; ciprofloxacin |
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