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ch. 15
adaptive immune response
42
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
03/12/2013

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Term
adaptive immunity
Definition
protection by immune response that mature throughout life; involves b cell and t cells
Term
antibody
Definition
y shaped protein that binds antigen
Term
antigen
Definition
molecule that reacts specifically with either an antibody or antigen receptor on lymphocyte
Term
antigen presenting cells
Definition
cells such as b cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells that can present exogenous antigedns to naive or memory t cells activating them
Term
b cell
Definition
type of lymphocyte programmed to make antibodies, responsible for humoral immunity
Term
cell mediated immunity
Definition
deals with antigens residing within a host cell, such as a virus
Term
clonal selection
Definition
process in which a lymphocyte's antigen receptor binds to an antigen, allowing the lymphocyte to proliferate
Term
cytotoxic t cell
Definition
type of lymphocyte programmed to destroy infectious or cancerous self cells
Term
dendritic cell
Definition
cell type responsible for activating naive t cells
Term
helper t cell
Definition
programmed to activate b cells and macrophages and assist in other parts of adapative immune response
Term
lymphocytes
Definition
group of white blood cells that have antigen specific receptors on their surface, includes b and t cells
Term
MHC molecules
Definition
cell surface molecules that present antigen to t cells (class I and class II)
Term
memory lymphocytes
Definition
long lived descendants of activated lymphocytes that can quickly respond when a specific antigen is encountered again
Term
plasma cell
Definition
effector form of b cell, functions as antibody secreting factory
Term
Tc cell
Definition
effector form of cytotoxic t cell, induces apoptosis in infected or cancerous self cells
Term
Th cells
Definition
effector form of helper t cell, activates b cells and macrophages, releases cytokines that stimulate other immune responses
Term
characteristics of adaptive immunity
Definition
memory, specificity, tolerance (ability to ignore self molecules)
Term
2 basic strategies used to adaptive immunity to counter foreign material
Definition
humoral & cell mediated immunity
Term
humoral immunity
Definition
works to eliminate extracellular antigens (bacteria, toxins, viruses in blood or tissue)
Term
antibody anatomy
Definition
2 identical arms (Fab regions) that bind to specific antigens, 1 stem (Fc region) that functions as red flag tagging antigen bound by antibodies and enlisting other immune system components to eliminate antigen
Term
how b cell responds to extracellular antigens
Definition
triggered to proliferate --> become plasma cells --> produce and secrete antibodies, some become memory b cells
Term
hoe antibodies directly protect the host
Definition
bind antigens, coating it and preventing it from attaching to host cell
Term
how antibodies indirectly protect host
Definition
red flad stem tagging antigen for elimination
Term
how naive b cell knows when to respond
Definition
its surafce has many copies of b cell receptors, if it encounters an antigen that it binds to, it is triggered to multiply after it is activated by another lymphocyte such as a t helper cell
Term
3 subsets of t cells and their functions
Definition
cytotoxic t cells- programmed to destroy cancerous or infectious self cells
helper t cells- activate b cells
regulatory t cells- helps prevent immune system from mounting a response on itself
Term
difference between BCR and TCR
Definition
TCR doesn't recognize free antigens, the antigens must be brought to it by one of the body's cells
Term
cells responsible for naive t cell activation
Definition
dendritic cells (part of innate immunity)
Term
similarities of T and B cells
Definition
both form memory cells, both need "confirmation" of foreign material to multiply, both have many receptors
Term
lymphatic system
Definition
collection of tissues and organs that bring the population of b cells and t cells into contact with antigens
Term
secondary lymph organs
Definition
where lymphocytes gather to contact various antigens and trade cytokines
lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, appendix
Term
peyer's patch
Definition
important secondary lymph organ in intestinal wall
Term
primary lymph organs
Definition
bone marrow (where b and t cells originate and b cells mature) and thymus (where t cells mature)
Term
immunogen
Definition
antigen that elicits an immune response
Term
t-dependent antigens
Definition
responding b cell requires help from t helper cell in order to become activated, has protein component
Term
example of t-independent cells
Definition
LPS, some carbs
Term
antigenic
Definition
ability of antigen to elicit immune response, proteins are best at doing this, lipids are least effective
Term
epitopes
Definition
regions of a molecule that the adaptive immune system recognizes
Term
neutralization
Definition
coats toxin or virus with antibodies so that it cannot bind to host cell
Term
opsonization
Definition
phagocytic cells have receptors for Fc region of IgG antibodies making it easier for phagocyte to engulf antigen
Term
complement system activation results in...
Definition
production of opsonin C3b, initiation of inflammatory response, formation of membrane attack complexes
Term
cross-linking
Definition
when each arm of an antibody grabs on to separate antigens, linking them to form one large complex that is easier for phagocyte to engulf
Term
antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Definition
when multiple IgG molecules bind to infected cell and makes it a target for natural killer cells which attach to Fc region of antibody
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