Term
| Name two functions of the autonomic nervous system. |
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Definition
1. Detects subconscious visceral sensations through receptors known as interoceptors
2. Excites or inhibits smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and many glands |
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Term
| Where is the autonomic nervous system located? |
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Definition
| Located in the blood vessels, visceral organs, muscles, and nervous system |
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Term
| Is the somatic nervous system conscious or subconscious? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many motor neurons are in the somatic nervous system pathway? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of neurotransmitter does the somatic nervous system use? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the autonomic nervous system conscious or subconscious? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many motor neurons are in the autonomic nervous system pathway and what are they called? |
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Definition
| Two. Preganglionic and postganglionic. |
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Term
| What kinds of neurotransmitters does the autonomic nervous system use? |
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Definition
| AcetylCholine and NorEphinephrin. |
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Term
| What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system? |
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Definition
| Sympathetic and parasympathetic. |
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Term
| What is another name for the sympathetic division of the ANS and what is the general area it controls? |
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Definition
| Thoracolumbar. All of the thoric vertebrae and the beginning of the lumbar vertebrae. |
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Term
| What is another name for the parasympathetic division of the SNS and what general area does it cover? |
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Definition
| Craniosacral. The brain and parts of the sacral vertebrae. |
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Term
| What are the three types of ganglia in the ANS and what division are they associated with? |
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Definition
| Paravertebral and prevertebral are associated with sympathetic while terminal is associated with parasympathetic. |
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Term
| Where is the paravertebral ganglia of the ANS located? |
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Definition
| Lateral to the spinal cord on both sides. |
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Term
| Where is the prevertebral ganglia of the ANS located? |
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Definition
| Anterior to the spinal cord and close to large abdominal arteries. |
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Term
| Where is the terminal ganglia of the ANS located? |
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Definition
| Close to or in walls of visceral organs. |
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Term
| In regards to the axons of the pre and postganglionic neurons which are myelinated and which are not? |
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Definition
| Preganglionic is myelinated and post is not. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tangled network of nerve fibers. |
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Term
| What neurotransmitter do the preganglionic fibers mainly release in the sympathetic division? |
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Definition
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Term
| What neurotransmitter do the postganglionic fibers release mostly in the sympathetic division? |
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Definition
| Norepinephrin but also some ACh. |
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Term
| Name the general functions of the sympathetic division. |
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Definition
| Fight or flight response which includes pupil dilation, increased HR/BP, airway dilation, increased blood sugar levels, etc. |
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Term
| How much of parasympathetic output does cranial nerve X carry? |
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Definition
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Term
| What neurotransmitters do the pre and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division release? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name some general functions of the parasympathetic division of the ANS. |
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Definition
| Rest and digestive functions, restore energy, decrease HR/airway size/breathing rate/pupil size, Salivation/Lacrimation/Urination/Digestion/Defecation. |
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Term
| What are two types of cholinergic receptors? |
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Definition
| Nicotinic and muscarinic. |
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Term
| What are two types of adrenergic receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a receptor agonist and what does it do? |
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Definition
| Phenylephrine - activates adrenergic receptors, vasoconstriction, lower nasal congestion, decreases mucuous production. |
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Term
| What is an example of a receptor antagonist and what does it do? |
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Definition
| Atropine - blocks muscarinic ACh receptors, pupil dilation, smooth muscle relaxation. |
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Term
| Name some functions of autonomic reflexes. |
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Definition
| Regulates BP, respiration, digestion, defecation, urination. |
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Term
| What are the components of autonomic reflexes and their functions? |
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Definition
| Receptor such as interoceptors. Sensory neuron which conducts impulses to the CNS. Association neuron which relays impulses to motor neurons. Autonomic motor neuron which sends impulses to effectors. And visceral effector. |
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Term
| What is the major control center for the ANS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two areas does the hypothalamus receive input from? |
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Definition
| Interoceptors and limbic system. |
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Term
| What is autonomic dysreflexia? |
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Definition
| Exaggerated sympathetic response during recovery from spinal shock, impulses unable to reach CNS, increased BP, headache, emergency can lead to seizures/stroke. |
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