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"Father of Modern Medicine"
Believed a physician should treat the body as a whole rather than as a collection of individual parts. |
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"Father of Anatomy"
300 BC.
Greek Scientist in Egypt
First to publicly dissect and compare human and animal bodies. |
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"Prince of Physicians"
130 and 200 AD
Stressed the importance of experimentation in medicine. |
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Illustrations
Considered one of the greatest anatomists and biological investigators of all time. |
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"Reformer of Anatomy"
mid-1500s
Refined observations
Promoted the idea of "Living Anatomy"
De Humani Corporis Fabrica - first anatomically correct textbook. |
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| technology that preserves specimens using reactive polymers. |
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study of structure
means in Greek "to cut apart".
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| study of the functions of the body. |
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Modern embryology
1600s
1. "An Anatomical Study of the Motion of the Heart and of the Blood in Animals"
2. "Essays on the Generation of Animals"
established basis for modern efforts to study heart and blood vessels. |
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Late 1600s
Anatomists began to collect body parts |
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1900s
Body parts kept at very low temperatures to preserve. |
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"Body Worlds: The Anatomical Exhibition of Real Human Bodies"
developed plastination
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| examines structures that cannot be observed by the unaided eye. |
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"cellular anatomy"
Study of single body cells and their internal structures. |
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"macroscopic anatomy"
investigates the structure and relationships of large body parts that are visible to the unaided eye.
ex. intestines, stomach, brain, heart, and kidneys |
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| examines the similarities and differences in the anatomy of species. |
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| investigates the changes in structure within an individual from conception through maturity. |
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| is concerned specifically with developmental changes occuring prior to birth. |
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examines all the structures in a particular region of the body as one complete unit.
ex. skin, connective tissue and fat, bones, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels of the neck |
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| examines both superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures as they relate to the skin covering them. |
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studies the gross anatomy of each system in the body.
ex. studying urinary system would involve examining the kidneys, where urine is formed, along with the organs of urine transport and storage |
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examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease.
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studies relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures.
ex. ultrasound, MRI's, or x-ray |
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investigates the anatomic landmarks used before and after surgery.
ex. prior to back surgery, the location of the L4 vertebra is precisely identified by drawing an imaginary line between the hip bones. The intersection of this line with the vertebral column shows the location of L4. |
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simplest level of organization within the body.
composed of atoms and molecules |
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smallest units of matter.
two or more atoms combined.
large molecules joined in specific ways. |
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| specialized structural and functional units called organelles permit all living cells to share certain common functions. |
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| groups of similar cells with a common function form to create the next stage in the hierarchy. |
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| precise organizations of similar cells that perform specialized functions. |
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| different tissue types combine to form an organ, such as the small intestine, brain, lungs, stomach, or heart. |
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| two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions. |
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consists of related organs that work together to coordinate activities and achieve a common function.
ex. several organs of respiratory system collaborate to clean, warm, humidify, and conduct air from the atmosphere to the gas exchange surfaces in the lungs. |
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| highest level of structural organization in the body. |
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| all body systems functioning interdependently in a single living human being. |
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