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| A group of people that share certain physical, biologically inherited characteristcs. |
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| A collection of people who share some distinctive cultural heritage. |
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| An ideology that attempts to link the physical characteristics of some group with physical or intellectual superiority or inferiority. |
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| Judging another culture using your own culture's standards. View that your culture is better than anothers. |
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| Characterists of a Minority Group |
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1- physical or cultural traits which are held in low-esteem by the dominant group. 2- treated unequally by the dominant group 3- membership is not voluntary- through birth 4- feel strong solidarity with other members of the minority group 5- controlled by the dominant group, regardless of size |
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| Institutional Prejudice and Discrimination |
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| Exists when the practices or arrangements within social institutions have the intent or effect of favoring one group over another. |
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| Minority groups accept the culture of the dominant group and fade into the larger society. |
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| Diverse racial and ethnic groups retain their distinctive identities while coexisting peacefully. |
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| Many racial and ethnic groups are blended togehter to create a new culture. |
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| Action taken beyond prejudice. Easier to control |
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| Behavior that violates cultural norms. |
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| Social Context of Deviance |
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cultural variation- wrong in our culture social group variation role of time |
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| Techniques and strategies designed to ensure conformity through norms and laws. |
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| Self-imposed acceptance of norms and laws |
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| Other people's attempts to regulate behavior |
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| A formal response by police, courts, and prision officials to alleged violations of the law. |
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White Collar- committed by people in high social class in the course of their jobs. Corporate Crime- the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf. Organized Crime- a business supplying illegal goods or services. Hate Crime- act against a person motivated by race or other bias. |
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Functions-Positive aspects and consequences associated with deviance. Dysfunctions- negative aspect and consequences associated with deviace. |
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Functionalist (Strain) Theory |
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| Deviant and criminal behavior emerge as a reacion to cultural values. |
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| Deviance is determined by societal reaction to certain groups, individuals, and behaviors. |
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| Differential Association Theory |
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Deviant behavior is considered part of a subculture, learned through social interaction and socialization. |
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People do not engage in deviant behavior because 1- social attachment to friends, family 2- commitment to social and cultural goals and means 3- involvement in legitimate social activities 4- belief in legitimacy of conventional values and norms. |
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retribution- making the offender suffer as much as the suffering caused by the crime deterrence- attempt to dicourage crime through punishment rehabilitation- reforming the offender to prevent later offenses societal protection- rendering an offender incapable of further offenses through prison or death |
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| Medicalization of Deviance |
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| The transformation of moral and legal deviance into a medical condition |
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sociolization material and emotional security transmission of social class position regulation of sexual behavior |
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| Social Conflict Theory and the Family |
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| Mate Selection Norms/ Marriage Patterns- Endogamy and Exogamy |
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Endogamy- specifies the groups within which one will find a partner in the same/similar social category Exogamy- Finding a spouse outside of specific groups |
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| Marriage Patterns- Monogamy, Polygamy, Polygyny, polyandry |
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Monogamy- marriage between 2 individuals Polygamy- multiple spouses at one time. Polygyny- one man with multiple wives Polyandry- one woman with multiple husbands. |
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28% of families with children economic concerns role conflict |
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60% of families with children second shift- 2 jobs (one outside, one inside home) |
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Two people who live together in a marriage-like arrangement without legal bind. 5.6 million cohabiting couples |
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Dual Income No Kids 14% of married couples |
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About 40% divorce rate in U.S. Going up because: Socially acceptable Economic status of women Changes in Religion Changes in Legal System |
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