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| A small application located on a server; when requested, the applet is downloaded to the client. |
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| A list of rules that defines in one single location how to display HTML elements. |
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| On a web server, a directory created by the network administrator who configures the web server. |
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| When a dedicated connection is formed between two points (such as two people on telephones) & the connection remains active for the duration of the transmission. |
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| Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR) |
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Definition
| An Internet addressing scheme that allows a single Internet protocol (IP) address to represent several unique IP addresses by adding a network prefix to the last octet. |
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| A model of network communications where a client device such as a computer, tablet, or smartphone uses browsers to request services from networks that make up the Internet. |
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| A program that runs on the client computer & that requires no interaction with a web server. |
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| Computers that host software that enables users to buy goods & services over the web. |
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| Common Gateway Interface (CGI) |
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Definition
| A method of designing programs that provides a methodology by which a browser can request a program file be executed instead of just being delivered to the browser. |
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| A set of rules for exchanging electronic information. |
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| A protocol that a host computer can use to send data over the network without establishing a direct connection with any specific recipient computer. |
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| Connection-Oriented Protocol |
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Definition
| A protocol for exchanging information that requires two computers to exchange control packets, thereby setting up parameters of the data-exchange session, before sending packets that contain data. |
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Term
| Document Object Model (DOM) |
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Definition
| Used by JavaScript to organize objects & page elements. |
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| Domain Name System (DNS) Server |
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Definition
| A server that maintains a database of domain names & converts domain names to Internet protocol addresses. |
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| Dotted Decimal Number (Dotted Quad) |
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Definition
| The form of an Internet protocol address, where sets of numerals are separated by decimals, i.e., 197.169.73.63 |
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| A way of assigning Internet protocol addresses where a computer is assigned a temporary address from an available pool of addresses. |
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| Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) |
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Definition
| A protocol for assigning dynamic internet protocol addresses. |
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Definition
| A combination of technologies-HTML, cascading style sheets, & JavaScript-used to create lively & interactive websites. |
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Definition
| In HTML, a pair of tags & the text between them. |
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| A server whose sole function is to process & deliver incoming & outgoing e-mail. |
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Definition
| The process of coding e-mail so that only the person with the key to the code (the intended recipient) can decode the message. |
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| Extensible Markup Language (XML) |
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Definition
| A markup language that enables designers to define their own data-based tags, making it much easier for a website to transfer the key information on its page to another site; it defines what data is being described rather than how it's to be displayed. |
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| A server that stores & manages files for network users or that acts as a storehouse for files that users can download. |
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| In a connection-oriented protocol, the process of exchanging control packets before exchanging data packets. |
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Definition
| A digit with 16 possible values: 0-9 & A-F. |
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Term
| HTML Embedded Scripting Language |
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Definition
| A programming language that tucks programming code directly within the HTML of a web page; the most popular example is JavaScript. |
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Definition
| Tags that surround & define HTML content (such as & , which indicate bolding). |
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Term
| Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) |
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Definition
| The protocol that allows files to be transferred from a web server so that you can see them on your computer by using a browser. |
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Term
| Hypertext Transfer Protocol Service (HTTPS) |
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Definition
| The Internet protocol that ensures data is sent securely over the web. |
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Definition
| The main pathway of high-speed communication lines over which all Internet traffic flows. |
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Definition
| A section of the hard drive that stores information that may be needed again, such as Internet protocol addresses & frequently accessed web pages. |
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| Internet Corporation for Assigned Names & Numbers (ICANN) |
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Definition
| The organization that registers Internet protocol addresses to ensure they're unique & haven't been assigned to other users. |
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| Internet Exchange Point (IXP) |
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Definition
| A way of connecting Internet service providers (ISPs) that's made up of one or more network switches to which the ISPs connect. |
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Definition
| One of the original two protocols developed for the Internet. |
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Term
| Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) |
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Definition
| The original Internet protocol addressing scheme, created in 1981. |
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| Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) |
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Definition
| An Internet protocol (IP) addressing scheme that makes IP addresses longer, thereby providing more available addresses. |
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Definition
| See Internet Protocol (IP) address. |
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Definition
| A scripting language that's often used to add interactivity to web pages; often used for creating Dynamic HTML effects. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stands for JavaScript Object Notation; a syntax for exchanging text information between computers. |
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Term
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Definition
| The two keys used in public-key encryption. |
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Term
| Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) |
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Definition
| Specification for sending files as attachments to e-mail. |
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Term
| Negative Acknowledgment (NAK) |
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Definition
| In data exchange, the communication sent from one computer or system to another stating that it did not receive a data packet in readable form. |
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Definition
| The slash & number added to the end of an internet protocol (IP) address that allows a single IP address to represent several unique IP addresses in classless interdomain routing. |
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Term
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Definition
| A reference to each of the four numbers in a dotted decimal number internet protocol address, so called because each number would have eight numerals in binary form. |
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Term
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Definition
| A system having the characteristic of being public for access by any interested party; as opposed to a proprietary system. |
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Term
| Optical Carrier (OC) Line |
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Definition
| A high-speed fiber-optic line. |
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Term
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Definition
| A small segment of data that is bundled for sending over transmission media. Each packet contains the address of the computer or peripheral device to which it's being sent. |
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Definition
| A communications methodology that makes computer communication efficient; in packet switching, data is broken into smaller chunks called packets. |
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Definition
| A bank of modems, servers, routers, & switches through which Internet users connect to an Internet service provider. |
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Definition
| In data exchange, the confirmation sent from one computer or system to another saying that the computer has received a data packet that it can read. |
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Term
| Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) |
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Definition
| A public-key package for encryption available for download on the Internet. |
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Definition
| The key for decoding retained as private in public-key encryption. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of encryption where only the two parties involved in sending the message have the code. |
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Definition
| A system having the characteristic of being closed to public access (private) as opposed to an open system. |
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Term
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Definition
| The key for coding distributed to the public in public-key encryption. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of encryption where two keys, known as a key pair, are created. One key is used for coding & the other for decoding. The key for coding is distributed as a public key, while the private key is retained for decoding. |
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Definition
| A domain name system (DNS) server that contains the master listings for an entire top-level domain. |
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Definition
| A domain that's directly below a top-level domain. |
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Definition
| A network security protocol that provides for the encryption of data transmitted using the Internet. The current versions of all major web browsers support SSL. |
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Definition
| A type of program that runs on a web server rather than a computer. |
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Term
| Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) |
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Definition
| The protocol responsible for sending e-mail along the Internet to its destination; part of the Internet Protocol suite. |
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Definition
| A way of assigning internet protocol addresses where the address for a computer never changes & is most likely assigned manually by a network administrator or an Internet service provider. |
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Definition
| A communications line that carries digital data over twisted-pair wires. |
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Definition
| The main suite of protocols used for transmitting data over the Internet. Named after Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) & the Internet Protocol (IP). |
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Term
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Definition
| In Transmission Control Protocol, the process used to establish a connection between two computers before exchanging data. The steps in a three-way handshake are as follows: One computer establishes a connection the Internet service provider (ISP) & announces it has e-mail to send. The ISP server responds that it's ready to receive, & the computer acknowledges the ready state of the server & begins to transmit the e-mail. |
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Term
| Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) |
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Definition
| One of the original two protocols developed for the Internet. |
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Term
| Transport Layer Security (TLS) |
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Definition
| An updated extension of Secure Sockets Layer. |
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Term
| User Datagram Protocol (UDP) |
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Definition
| An Internet Protocol that creates data packets across the Internet. |
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Term
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Definition
| A computer running a specialized operating system that enables it to host web pages (& other information) & to provide requested web pages to clients. |
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