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the scientific study of how a person's thoughts, feelings,and behavior are influenced by the real, imagined, or implied presence of others.
3 mains topics: social influence, social cognition, social interaction |
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| process through which the real or implied presence of others can directly or indirectly influence the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of an individiuals, |
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| changing one's own behavior to match that of other people. |
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| Normative social influence |
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| influence resulting from desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval |
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| Informational social influence |
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| influence resulting from willingness to accept other's opinions about reality |
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| changing one's behavior as a result of other people directing or asking for the change. |
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| Foot in the door technique |
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| when complying with small request more likely to agree to bigger request later |
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| large request declined usually means small request being accepted later |
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| when people are offered a deal with unattractive detail most will refuse, but a if detail is introduced after deal is made, considerably fewer people then refuse it. |
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thats not all folks
commercial advertising |
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| Everyone says "oxblood" is the new color for fall so you run out and by a new oxblood moto jacket. This is an example of? |
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| changing one's behavior at the command of an authority figure |
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-people obeyed orders to shock other people even when recipient was clearly in pain.
-person giving orders was close at hand and perceived to be a legitimate authority figure
-authority figure is supported by a prestigious institution
-victim was depersonalized or at a distances such as in another room where there were no role models for defiance. |
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| Social Facilitation (group behavior) |
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Definition
| tendency for the presence of other people to have a positive impact on the performance of an easy task |
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| Social Loafing (group behavior) |
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| tendency for people to put less effort into a simple task when working with others on that task |
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| Group Polarization (Risky Shift) |
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| is a phenomenon where the tendency for members involved in a group discussion to take somewhat extreme positions and suggest riskier actions when compared to individuals who have not participated in a group discussion. |
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| When you run harder with your running group this is an example of ______, but when you couldn't give a crap about your group project for chem lab this is an example of_______. |
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Definition
Social Facilitation
Social Loafing |
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| loss of self awareness and self restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. |
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| kind of thinking that occurs when people place more importance on maintaining group cohesiveness than on assessing the facts of the problem with which the group is concerned. |
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| the mental processes that people use to make sense of the social world around them. |
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a tendency to respond positively or negatively toward a certain person, object, idea, or situation
-attitudes affect our action, and our actions affect our attitudes.
3 components of attitude:
-affective (emotional)
- behavioral
-cognitive |
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Term
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Definition
1) direct contact with the person, situation, object, or idea
2) direct instruction from parents of others
3) Interacting with other people who hold certain attitudes
4) Vicarious conditioning- watching the actions and reactions of others to the ideas, people, objects or situations. |
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process by which one person tries to change the belief, opinion, position, or course of action of another person through argument, pleading or explanation.
Key elements:
1) the source of the message (communicator)
2) message itself
3) the target audience |
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| Elaboration Likelihood Model |
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Definition
| model of persuasion stating that people will either elaborate on the persuasive message (central route processing) or fail to elaborate on it (peripheral route processing) |
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| type of information processing that involves attending to the content of the message itself |
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| Peripheral route processing |
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| type of information processing that involves attending to factors not involved in the message, such as the appearance of the source of the message, the length of the message, and other non-content factors. |
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| if you've chosen to buy a fair-trade product from body shop because the packaging was so on trend you've most likely engaged in _____. |
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| Peripheral Route Processing |
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sense of discomfort or distress that occurs when a person's behavior does not correspond to that person's attitude.
reduced by: changing the conflicting behavior
changing the conflicting attitude
forming a new attitude to justify the behavior |
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process of explaining one's own behavior and the behavior of others.
Two types: Situational and Dispositional |
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cause of behavior attributed to external factors such as delays, the actions of others, or some other aspect of the situation..
bad driver= maybe the driver doesnt feel well |
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| cause of behavior attributed to internal factors such as personality or character. |
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| Fundamental Attribution error |
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tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors while underestimating situational factors when observing others...
other people-- think we drive like crap on purpose
ourselves-- im running late for class |
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| Forming of the first knowledge a person has about another |
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very first impression one has about a person tends to persist even in the face of evidence to the contrary.
Usually takes about 10 times to change first impression. |
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| the way we mentally organize information about things into related categories. |
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| Information Processing theory |
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| sensory register receives too much info to process. |
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assignment of a person one has just met to a category based on characteristics the new person has in common with other people with whom one has had experience with in the past..
-Can lead to a stereotype |
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negative attitude held by a person about the members of a particular social group
includes ageism, sexism, racism, and prejudice against fat or skinny people.. |
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| I am teaching class and clearly in a bad mood. Ben thinks " this woman is a bad teacher with a crappy personality" and Andy thinks "maybe she's having a bad day and her roommate gave her a hard time this morning" Ben thinks of a _______ cause and andy thinks of a ________ cause. |
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Definition
Dispositional
Situational |
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| when a person is aware of stereotypical expectations for him or her as a member of the group |
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dolls and children relating black dolls with white dolls..
said white dolls were more attractive than black dolls, showing prejudice develops at a young age. |
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social groups with whom a person identifies
"US" |
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social groups with whom a person does not identify
"THEM" |
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| tendency of one's expectations to affect one's behavior in such a way as to make expectations more likely to occur. |
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| Realistic Conflict Theory |
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| conflict between groups increases prejudice and discrimination |
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| tendency to direct prejudice and discrimination at out group members who have little social power or influence |
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-11-12 year old boys at summer camp
-put on two teams and kept seperate
-competitive events
-developed negative feelings about other team
-then put back together but engaged in continued conflict
-conflict didn't reduce until the boys were made to resolve a series of crises together\ |
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| contact between groups in which the groups have equal status with neither group having power over the other |
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liking or having the desire for a relationship with another person
factors:
-physical attractiveness
-proximity
-similarity
-reciprocity of liking |
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Definition
consummate love = all 3
romantic love = intimacy and passion
fatuous love = passion and commitment
empty love= commitment only
companionate love= commitment and intimacy
romantic love = intimacy and passion |
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| In titanic, Jack and Rose found that they could talk and understand each other as well as make steamy love in a car. However, Rose was still engaged to cal. Their type of love would therefore be considered? |
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Romantic love
had passion and intimacy but no commitment due to her being engaged. |
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| pattern of behavior that is expected of a person who is in a particular social position. |
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| prosocial behavior that is done with no expectation of reward and may involve the risk of harm to oneself. |
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| the effect that the presence of other people has on the decision to help or not help, help becomes less likely as the number of bystanders increases |
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| Diffusion of responsibility |
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Definition
| a person fails to take responsibility for actions or for inactions because of the presence of other people who are seen to share the responsibility |
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| Ben saw 3 young black kids at the side of the interstate and decided not to call 911. What factors might have influenced his decison to not call? |
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Definition
| Prejudice and Bystander effect. |
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