Term
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Definition
Phylum Arthropoda
Phylum Onychophora
Phylum Tardigrada
Coelom reduced, hemocoel develops
Hemolymph (lymph & plasma)
Open circulatory system (muscular hearts) |
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Term
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Definition
"velvet worms"
Tropical regions of southern hemisphere
14 to 43 prs of unjointed legs (lobopods)
Dioecious
Viviparous birth |
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Term
| Phylum Onychophora prey capture |
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Definition
| Oral papilla have slime glands:produce adhesive mucus |
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Term
Phylum Onychophora head
(2) |
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Definition
One pr lrg antennae
Tiny annelid like eyes |
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Term
Phylum Onychophora cuticle
(2) |
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Definition
Contains chitin, does not harden and in arthropods
Molts in patches |
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Term
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Definition
"water bears"
Mostly terrestrial, film of water around mosses and lichens
Eight short unjointed legs (lobopods) w/ claws
Stylet mouthparts for piercing/sucking nematodes or plant cells |
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Term
Phylum Tardigrada survival
(4) |
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Definition
Cryptobiosis (dormant)
Survive extreme dehydration from 85% water to 3% water
Resistant to harsh conditions for decades
Metabolically active when water is available |
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Term
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Definition
Most diverse and abundant
Tardigrada is the sister group
Chitin in cuticle (exoskeleton)
Metameric segmented bodies |
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Term
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Definition
Versatile exoskeleton w/chitin
Segmentation and appendages
Efficient respiratory systems
Highly developed sensory organs
Tropic breadth (multiple niches) through metamorphosis |
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Term
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Definition
Fusion of metameric segments into specialized functional groups
Chelicerates (prosoma & opisthosome)
Myriopods (head & trunk)
Crustaceans (head+pereon & pleon)
Insectas (Head & thorax & abdomen) |
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Term
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Definition
Appendages: Uniramous & Biramous
Mouthparts: Chelicerae & Mandibles
Genitals: Appendages outside of body |
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Term
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
(5) |
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Definition
Extinct for 250 million years
Abundant during Cambrian and Ordovician periods
Ocean bottom dwellers and scavengers
Sister to rest of modern arthropoda
Phacops rana official state fossil of PA |
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Term
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Definition
Chelicerae: fangs
Pedipalps: Near mouth, taste buds, manipulates food |
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Term
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Definition
Cephalothorax completely covered w/ lrg carapace
Book gills
Limulus polyphemus' blue blood coagulates in presence of Gram negative bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
"sea spiders"
Four pairs of walking legs
Males, pair of legs modified for carrying eggs (ovigers)
Suctorial proboscis for feeding on hydroids
Abdomen reduced or absent |
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Term
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Definition
External segmentation reduced
11 extant orders |
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Term
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Definition
Spiders
Thin pedicel separates tagmata
8 prs of simple eyes
Silk glands and spinnerets
Book lungs and/or tracheae
Genus Maratus: jumping spiders "peacock spiders" in Australia |
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Term
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Definition
Scorpions
25 deadly to humans
Pedipalps: capture
Chelicerae: shred prey
Chephalothorax, abdomen w/ stinging telson
Sensory pectines |
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Term
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Definition
"Harvestmen" or "Daddy long-leggers"
NOT A SPIDER
Single pair of eyes, one fused body tagmata (no pedicel)
Closely related to mites
Legs shed easily if grasped
NO KNOWN SPECIES HAS VENOM GLANDS |
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Term
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Definition
Ticks & mites
Cephalothorax and abdomen completely fused
Mouthparts on capitulum
Free-living and parasites
Transmit diseases, cause economic harm |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum Myriapoda
Phylum Pancrustacea |
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Term
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Definition
Mandibles and two prs maxillae
Uniramous legs
Tracheae (long tubes w/ air, ventilate animal) and spiracles (allow air into tracheae, pores through exoskeleton) |
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Term
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Definition
Centipedes
Predators
Venom fangs, claws (forcipules)
Dorsoventrally flattened
Maxillipeds on first segment
Pr eyes, ocelli (light/dark) |
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Term
Genus Scutigera coleoptrata
(5) |
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Definition
House centipede
From mediterranean region
First recorded in PA 1849
Harmless to humans
Preys on sm arthropods |
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Term
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Definition
Millipede
Four thoracic segments w/ or w/o 1 pr of legs each (haplosegments)
Two prs of legs oer segment
Ability to roll into a ball (conglobate)
"Repugnatorial glands" secrete hydrogen cyanide
Lemures and capuchan monkeys use secretions as bug repelant |
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Term
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Definition
Biramous appendages
Two prs of antennae
One pr of mandibles and two prs of maxillae
Evolutionary trend: reduction in # of segments
Specialized appendages
Terrestrial gills |
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Term
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Definition
Molting
1. Epidermis secretes new cuticle under old cuticle
2. Dissolves and reabsorbs calcium to weaken the old cuticle
3. Splits old cuticle and exits
4. Absorbs water to swell body
5. New cuticle hardens
6. Reestablishes osmoticbalance |
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Term
Pancrustacea sensory organs
(2) |
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Definition
Stalked compound eyes (2-15,000 units called omatidia)
Panoramic mosaic view |
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Term
Pancrustacea reproduction and life cycles
(4) |
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Definition
Dioecous w/ sexual dimorphism
Development occurs in brood chambers attached to abdomen and appendages
Aquatic larval stage: nauplius and zoea
Molt through intermediate larval stages |
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Term
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Definition
Brine shrimp, tadpole, shrimp
Flattened, leaf-like legs (phyllopodia), respiration
Important component of freshwater zooplankton |
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Term
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Definition
Barnacles, ostracods, copepods
Reduced abdomen, usually lacking appendages |
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Term
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Definition
Isopods, amphipods, krill, decapods
Largest class of crustaceans
All thoracic and most abdominal segments bear specialized appendages
Gills on bases of thoracic appendages |
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Term
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Definition
Uniramous appendages, six walking legs
Body w/ three tagmata
One pr of antennae, mandibles, maxillae
Respiration via tracheae and spiracles |
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Term
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Definition
Not insects
Three orders: protura, diplura, collembola
Primitively wingless
Ametabolous (no metamorphosis)
Mouthparts retracted within head |
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Term
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Definition
Ectognatha: w/ externalized mouthparts
28 Extant orders
Discovery of: Beetles, Moths and Butterflies, Flies, Bees and Wasps and Ants
10 Quintill individuals
200 Mill insect per human being
Flew 70 Mill years before first Pterosaurs
1 Mill species
Only flying invertebrates
Two prs of wings on thorax but sometimes reduced or lost
Metamorphic development |
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Term
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Definition
Insects
Silverfish
Primitively wingless
Eats paper, glue, mold |
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Term
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Definition
Dragonflies and Damselflies
Aquatic larvae (niads)
Superb flies |
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Term
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Definition
Mayfly
Aquatic larvae
Sensitive to aquatic pollution |
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Term
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Definition
Grasshoppers, crickets, locusts, katydids
Thickened forewings
Jumping hind legs |
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Term
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Definition
Cockroaches and termites
Social behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
Mantids
Predators
Raptorial forelimbs |
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Term
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Definition
Walking sticks
Elongated bodies, herbivores
Longest insect in world 21 in. long |
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Term
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Definition
"skin wing"
Earwigs
Hind wings folded fan-like under short, leathery forewings
Forceps-like cerci |
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Term
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Definition
True bugs, hoppers, aphids, cicadas
Megadiverse
Sucking, tube-like mouthparts
Two invasive species in PA: Heteroptera and Homoptera
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys)
Spotted Lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) |
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Term
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Definition
Lacewings, antlions
Predators
Beneficial, natural enemies |
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Term
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Definition
"sheath wing"
Beetles and Weevils
Megadiverse
Largest order of animals
Forewings are hardened elytra
Diverse habitats
Many pestiferous species |
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Term
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Definition
Bees, Wasps, Ants
Megadiverse
Social behavior evolved at least seven times
Inclusive fitness: doesn't matter if individual reproduces as long as group reproduces for the next generation
Pollination services
Biocontrol of pests |
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Term
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Definition
Flies, mosquitoes, maggots
Megadiverse
Two wings, hind wings reduced to halteres (balance) |
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Term
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Definition
"tube-like mouth/no wings"
Fleas
Ectoparasites, reduces features
Body laterally compressed |
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Term
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Definition
Butterflies and Moths
Megadiverse
Lrg, showy wings covered in scales
Fluid feeders, mouthparts reduced to tube-like proboscis
Caterpillars may be harmful pests |
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