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| a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior |
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| a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned. |
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| the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need. |
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| a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level. |
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| positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior |
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| Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs become active. |
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| form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides major source of energy for body tissues |
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| point at which an individual's weight thermostat is supposedly set. When body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight. |
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| body's resting rate of energy expenditure |
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| eating disorder in which a normal weight person (usually adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet still feeling fat, continues to starve. |
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| eating disorder characterized by overeating, usually of high calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting or excessive exercise. |
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| four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm and resolution. |
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| resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm. |
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| a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning |
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| sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity. |
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| enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one sex or the other sex or both. |
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| completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement in one's skills. |
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| industrial-organizational psychology |
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| application of psychological concepts to optimizing human behavior in workplaces. |
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| subfield of I-O psych that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal and development. |
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| organizational psychology |
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| subfield of I-O psych that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change. |
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| interview process that asks the same job relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales. |
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| desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people or ideas; for attaining a high standard. |
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goal oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work and focuses attention on
goals. |
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| leadership that is group oriented and builds teamwork, mediates conflicts and offers support. |
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| assumes that workers are basically lazy, error prone and extrinsically motivated by money and should be directed from above. |
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| assumes that, given a challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to achieve self esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity. |
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| a response of the whole organism, involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors and conscious experience. |
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| our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion arousing stimuli |
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| theory that an emotion arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion. |
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| Schachter's theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal. |
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| Emotional release. In psychology, the catharsis hypothesis maintains that "releasing" aggressive energy relieves aggressive urges. |
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| feel good, do good phenomenon |
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| people's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood. |
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| self perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well being to evaluate people's quality of life. |
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| adaptation-level phenomenon |
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| our tendency to form judgments relative to a "neutral" level defined by our prior experience. |
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| the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself. |
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| former nazi concentration camp inmate who witnessed a father and son fighting over peive of bread. basically, the son stole the father's bread and as a result, the father died the next day. "hunger does something to you thats hard to describe" |
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| evolutionary theorist. behavior was rooted from instincts |
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| man who climbed mount everest, just because he wanted to. |
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| list of hierarchy of needs |
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| physiological needs (food and water), safety needs, give and receive love, self esteem, full potential. |
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| conducted experiment to find research about the motivation for hunger and the effects of starvation. |
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| A.L. Washburn and Walter Cannon |
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| Washburn swallowed a balloon and measured the contractions of his stomach to find the source of hunger. |
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| hunger arousing hormone secreted by an empty stomach |
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| part of the hypothalamus that brings on hunger |
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| hunger-triggering hormone |
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| ventromedial hypothalamus |
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| part of the hypothalamus that depresses hunger |
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| protein produced by bloated fat cells |
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| digestive hormone that suppresses appetite |
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| conducted surveys on people of indiana university asking them about sex. |
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| William Masters and Virginia Johnson |
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| monitored or filmed more than 10,000 sex cycles. developed four stages of sexual response. |
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| genital areas become engorged with blood,penis becomes partially erect and clitoris swells |
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| excitement peaks as breathing, pulse, and blood pressure increase. |
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| muscle contractions; sexual release |
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| males enter refractory period, where they cannot orgasm ranging from a few minutes to a few days. female's refractory is not long, and can have multiple orgasms in one outing. |
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| had male collegians converse seperately with another male and female student, men's testosterone levels rose with social arousal |
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| had sexually experienced university students listen to tapes to detect arousal. most men and women were aroused by the erotic tape. |
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| reasons why males do not use condoms |
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| ignorance, guilt related to sexual activity, minimal communication about birth control, alcohol use and mass media norms of unprotected promiscuity |
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| studied sections of the hypothalamus taken form deceased homo and hetero people. studied a cell cluster that was larger in hetero males than gay males and females. |
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| brain's shortcut to emotions |
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| routed both to the cortex and directly to the amygdala for a more instant emotional reaction |
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| argued that our emotional reactions can be quicker than our interpretations of a situation. |
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| concedes that our brains process and react to vast amounts of info without our conscious awareness. |
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| controls arousal. sympathetic region directs adrenal glands atop the kidneys to release the stress hormone epinephrine |
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| show more brain activity in the left frontal lobe |
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| show more brain activity in the right frontal lobe |
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| Joan Kellerman, James Lewis, and James Laird |
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| wondered if intimate gazes would arouse mere strangers |
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| Jane Richards and James Gross |
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| discovered that suppressing emotions comes at a cost. |
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| Women have it more than men |
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| plays key role in associating various emotions including fear |
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