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Ch. 11 - Parasites
Ch. 11 - Parasites
59
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
03/21/2012

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Term
+ sense RNA
Definition
it can act like mRNA (mR. Positive)
Term
- sense RNA
Definition
must form DNA, then t DNA, then mRNA
Term
Steps for copying RNA
Definition
for - sense: DNA, t DNA,mRNA then follow steps for + sense

+ sense mRNA, tRNA, tRNA has Amino Acids, AA's form Proteins, w/ enzymes
Term
If RNA has an envelope it is NOT
Definition
negative
Term
RNA envelope when it enters a cell
Definition
is lost
Term
Prophage
Definition
viral DNA inserted into host DNA
Term
Heterotroph
Definition
needs to eat
Term
Autotroph
Definition
can make its own food
Term
Prokaryote
Definition
bacteria cells
Term
Eukaryote
Definition
non bacteria cells
complex cells
Term
Pathogen
Definition
Parasite that causes disease
Term
3 types of parasite
Definition
helminth (worm), arthropod (insect), protozoa
Term
Ectoparasite
Definition
lives ON the body
Term
Endoparasite
Definition
lives IN the body
Term
Obligate parasite
Definition
must live off another
Term
Facultative parasite
Definition
can live w/ or w/o another
Term
Permanent Parasite
Definition
stays w/ host for life
Term
Temporary parasites
Definition
dine and dash
Term
Accidental parasites
Definition
didn't mean to eat you, prefers a different host
Term
Hyperparasitism
Definition
irony, revenge
A parasite on a parasite
Term
Vector
Definition
carries and transfers a disease/parasite
Term
Mechanical Vector
Definition
host is not part of its life cycle
Term
Biological Vector
Definition
parasite completes part of its life cycle in the host
Term
Definitive Host
Definition
Harbors a parasite while it reproduces
Term
Intermediate Host
Definition
Harbors a parasite during any stage other than reproduction
Term
Reservoir Host
Definition
carries parasite only for transmission, no part of its life cycle
Term
Encycstment
Definition
parasite forms a spore-like outer covering

easier to destroy than endospores
Term
Antigen (2 meanings)
Definition
cell surface marker

anything foreign (if disease causing= pathogen)
Term
Phagocytes
Definition
parasites that go into brain cells
Term
4 parasite defenses
Definition
encycstment
changing antigens
producing chemicals that distract antibodies
going into the brain (through eyes/nose) /invading host cells
Term
Are protists obligate or facultative?
Definition
obligate
Term
Protists need a mechanical or biological vector?
Definition
biological
Term
Protists are Eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Definition
eukaryotic
Term
Saprophyte
Definition
live off dead organic material

(are still heterotrophs)
Term
Fungi are multi or uni cellular?
Definition
They can be either (most are multi)
Term
Can fungi produce endo-spores?
Definition
no, only Bacillus and Clostridium can
Term
gram + means
Definition
large peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall can pick up crystal violet
Term
gram - means
Definition
no peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall

picks up safranin
Term
Hyphae
Definition
branch off fungus
Term
Thallus
Definition
body of fungus
Term
All the hyphae together form:
Definition
mycelium
Term
Septa
Definition
walla which separate hyphae
Term
Chitin
Definition
fills fungus cell walls
Term
Each section of Hyphae between septa has:
Definition
spores
Term
If a hyphae of a fungus is infected it will:
Definition
close the pores in the septa and let that section die off
Term
Fungi reproduce:
Definition
sexually and asexually
Term
Asexual reproduction in fungi involves:
Definition
budding
Term
Sexual spores in fungus are produced by:
Definition
the fusion of two gametes
Term
Dimorphisim
Definition
the ability of an organism to alter its structure when it changes habitats

(changing between multi-cellular and uni-cellular)
Term
Fungi are classified according to:
Definition
the sexual stage in their life cycles

Location of growth
Term
Lysosome
Definition
organelle in infectious fungi

release enzymes which eat through the walls of other cells
Term
Mycoses
Definition
Fungal infections
Term
Superficial mycoses
Definition
skin, nail, hair
Term
Subcutaneous mycoses
Definition
skin and below

can spread to lymph
Term
Systemic Mycoses
Definition
deep, in organs
Term
Opportunistic
Definition
only causes disease in an already compromised host

or if it lacks competition
Term
Aflotoxin
Definition
fungal toxin found on moldy nuts/grains
Term
2 types of helminths
Definition
flatworms

roundworms
Term
Taenia
Definition
intestine
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