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Ch. 10
Biology Vocab
21
Biology
9th Grade
01/13/2009

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Term
cell division
Definition
process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells.
Term
cell cycle
Definition
series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
Term
mitosis
Definition
part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides.
Term
cytokinesis
Definition
division of the cytoplasm during cell division.
Term
chromatid
Definition
one of two identicle "sister parts" of a duplicated chromosome.
Term
centromere
Definition
area where the chromatid or a chromosome are attached.
Term
Interphase
Definition
peridos of the cell cycle beetween cell divisions.
Term
prophase
Definition
first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrolas seperate and take up positions on the sides of the nucleus.
Term
spindle
Definition
fanlike microtubule structure that helps seperate the chromosomes during mitosis.
Term
metaphase
Definition
second of mitosis , during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
Term
anaphase
Definition
the third phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes pairs seperate and move toward opposite poles.
Term
telophase
Definition
fourth and final phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material.
Term
cancer
Definition
a disorder in which some of the bodys own cells loose the abiliy to control growth.
Term
homologous
Definition
term used to refer to chromosomes that have corresponding chromosomes from the opposite sex parent.
Term
diploid
Definition
term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes.
Term
haploid
Definition
term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefor only a single set of genes.
Term
meiosis
Definition
process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the seperation of homologous chromosomes in the diploid of the cell.
Term
tetrad
Definition
structure containing four chromatids that forms during meiosis.
Term
centriole
Definition
one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nucleus envelope.
Term
cyclin
Definition
one of a family of closely related proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eurkaryotic cells.
Term
crossing over
Definition
process in which homologous chromosomes exchange protions of there chromatids during meiosis.
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