Term
| Types of Muscle Tissue- Skeletal |
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Definition
about 600 muscles in human body
makes up 40% of body weight
cells are striated
voluntary
muscle cells are thin in diameter and long so they can be called myofibers or muscle fibers |
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Term
| Types of Muscle Tissue- Cardiac |
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Definition
occurs only in the walls of the heart
cells are striated
involuntary |
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Term
| Types of Muscle Tissue- Smooth |
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Definition
occupies the walls of hollow organ (stomach, respiratory)
lack striations
involuntary
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Term
| Functions of Muscles- Movement |
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Definition
| movement of body parts and organ contents |
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Term
| Functions of Muscles- Stability |
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Definition
stability maintains posture and prevents movement
holding against gravity |
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Term
| Functions of Muscles- Communication |
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Definition
| Communication controls speech, expression, and writing |
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Term
| Functions of Muscles- Control of openings and passageways |
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Definition
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Term
| Functions of Muscles- Body Heat Production |
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Definition
as much as 85% of heat comes from muscles contracting
muscles contract and keep body heated |
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Term
| CT layers within Skeletal Muscle |
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Definition
The muscle has many sheaths of CT that bind together
Fascicle
Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium |
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Term
| Skeletal Muscle CT- Fascicle |
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Definition
muscle fibers grouped into bundles |
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Term
| Skeletal Muscle CT- Epimysium |
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Definition
dense regular CT covering entire muscle and works to seperate muscles
continuation of each tendon |
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Term
| Skeletal Muscle CT- Perimysium |
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Definition
slightly thicker layer of CT that surrounds each fascicle (group muscle fibers)
layer around each fasciculi |
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Term
| Skeletal Muscle CT- Endomysium |
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Definition
a fine sheath of areolar CT wrapping each muscle cell and allows room for capillaries and nerve fibers
around each fiber in fasciculi |
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Term
| Skeletal Muscle CT- Fascicle |
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Definition
Deep Fascia
Superficial Fascia |
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Term
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Definition
5 different muscles each seperated by deep fascia
found between adjacent mucles (no fat) |
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Term
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Definition
hypodermis
found between skin and muscles, so it's subcutaneous tissue (below skin)
contains adipose (fat) tissue
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Term
| Muscle Attachments- Direct (fleshy) |
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Definition
direct attachment to bone
epimysium is continuous with periosteum |
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Term
| Muscle Attachments- Indirect |
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Definition
indirect attachment to bone
origin and insertion
epimysium continues as tendon or aponeurosis that merges into periosteum as perforating fibers |
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Term
| Muscle Attachments- attachment to dermis |
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Definition
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Term
| Parts of Skeletal Muscle- Origin |
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Definition
| immobile stationary end of muscle |
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Term
| Parts of Skeletal Muscle- Belly |
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Definition
| thicker, middle region of muscle |
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Term
| Parts of Skeletal Muscle- Insertion |
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Definition
| attachment to mobile end of muscle |
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Term
| Shapes of Skeletal Muscle- Fusiform |
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Definition
thick in middle and tapered at ends
biceps brachii |
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Term
| Shapes of Skeletal Muscle- Convergent |
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Definition
broad at origin and tapering to a narrower insertion
pectoralis major |
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Term
| Shapes of Skeletal Muscle- Parallel |
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Definition
paralle fascicles; aponeurosis/fascia in between
don't contract; just a CT
rectus abdominus |
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Term
| Shapes of Skeletal Muscles- Circular |
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Definition
act as sphincters
ring around body opening
obicularis oris (allows opening and closing of mouth) |
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Term
| Shapes of Skeletal Muscles- Pennate |
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Definition
fascicles insert obliquely on a tendon
unipennate, bipennate, or multipennate
palmar interosseous, rectus femoris, and deltoid
Penna = feather |
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Term
| Coordinated Muscle Actions- Agonist |
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Definition
Prime mover
produces most force |
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Term
| Coordinated Muscle Actions- Synergist |
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Definition
Opposite the Fixator
aids the Prime Mover & Agonist
stabilizes nearby joing
modifies the direction of movement that occurs |
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Term
| Coordinated Muscle Actions- Antagonist |
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Definition
opposes the Prime Mover & Agonist
preventing excessive movement and injury |
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Term
| Coordinated Muscle Actions- Fixator |
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Definition
opposes Agonist
prevents movement of bone that prime mover is attached to
ex) a muscle that holds scapula in place
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Term
| Skeletal Muscle Innervation |
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Definition
no skeletal muscle can contract w/out innervation
Cranial nerves arise from brain & exit skull through the foramina
Cranial numbered 1-12, but not all innervate muscles
Spinal nerves arise from spinal cord & exit vertebral column through intervertebral foramina |
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Term
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Definition
* muscles and tendons *
- Vulnerable to sudden and intense stress
- Proper warm up and conditioning needed
- common injuries: shin splints, pulled hamstrings, & tennis elbow
Treat with RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)
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