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Ch1 Vocab
Vocabulary
37
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
09/05/2006

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Term
Experiment
Definition
an observation of natural phenomena carried out in a controlled manner so that the results can be duplicated and rational conclusions obtained
Term
Law
Definition
a concise statement of mathematical equation about a fundamental relationship or regularity of nature
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
a mere assumption or guess
Term
Theory
Definition
particular conception or view of something to be done or of the method of doing it; a system of rules or principles
Term
Matter
Definition
the substance or substances of which any physical object consists or is composed
Term
law of conservation of mass
Definition
the principle that matter cannot be created or destroyed
Term
Solid
Definition
having three dimensions (length, breadth, and thickness), as a geometrical body or figure.
Term
liquid
Definition
composed of molecules that move freely among themselves but do not tend to separate like those of gases; neither gaseous nor solid.
Term
gas
Definition
a substance possessing perfect molecular mobility and the property of indefinite expansion, as opposed to a solid or liquid.
Term
states of matter
Definition
(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container)
Term
physical change
Definition
any process involving a substance's change from one state (gas, liquid, solid) to another without alteration of the chemical composition
Term
chemical change
Definition
process in which one or more substances are changed into others
Term
physical property
Definition
a property used to characterize physical objects
Term
chemical property
Definition
a characteristic of a substance that becomes known during a chemical reaction
Term
substance
Definition
physical matter or material
Term
element
Definition
one of a class of substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means
Term
compound
Definition
composed of two or more parts, elements, or ingredients
Term
law of definite proportions
Definition
every definite compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions by weight
Term
mixture
Definition
an aggregate of two or more substances that are not chemically united and that exist in no fixed proportion to each other
Term
homogeneous mixture
Definition
any combination of substances that has uniform composition and properties
Term
homogeneous mixture
Definition
any combination of substances that has uniform composition and properties
Term
phase
Definition
a stage in a process of change or development
Term
unit
Definition
a single thing or person
Term
significant figures
Definition
all the nonzero digits of a number and the zeros that are included between them or that are final zeros and signify accuracy
Term
scientific notation
Definition
a method for expressing a given quantity as a number having significant digits necessary for a specified degree of accuracy, multiplied by 10 to the appropriate power
Term
Internation System (SI)
Definition
a complete metric system of units of measurement for scientists
Term
meter
Definition
SI base unit of length
Term
angstrom
Definition
a unit of length, equal to one tenth of a millimicron, or one ten millionth of a millimeter, primarily used to express electromagnetic wavelengths
Term
kilogram
Definition
SI base unit of mass
Term
second
Definition
SI base unit of time
Term
celsius scale
Definition
pertaining to or noting a temperature scale (Celsius scale) in which 0° represents the ice point and 100° the steam point.
Term
kelvin
Definition
the base SI unit of temperature, defined to be 1/273.16 of the triple point of water
Term
SI derived unit
Definition
a unit derived by combining SI base units
Term
liter
Definition
unit of volume equal to a cubic decimeter
Term
density
Definition
mass per unit volume
Term
demensional analysis
Definition
method of calculation in which one carries along the units for quantities
Term
conversion factor
Definition
A numerical factor used to multiply or divide a quantity when converting from one system of units to another
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