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Definition
| Cells w/in the nervous system that receive and transmit information |
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Definition
| Cells that fill in space between neurons, remove waste, or help neurons to communicate efficiently |
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Definition
| Insulating material that protects the axon and helps speed up neural transmission; protects from outside charges and chemicals |
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Term
| What are the 5 components of neurons? |
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Definition
Dendrites
Soma
Axon
Myelin sheath
Terminal buttons |
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Definition
| Primary information receivers; receive impulse from previous neuron |
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Definition
| Cell body; contains nucleus |
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Definition
| Transmits the cell’s message |
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Definition
| Located at the end of the axon contain the chemicals that carry messages to the next neuron |
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Definition
| The small gap between the terminal buttons of a neuron and the dendrite/ cell body of another neuron |
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Term
| What is the synaptic gap? |
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Definition
| Space between each of the myelin sheath portions; node of ranvier |
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Definition
| The state of waiting for action to happen; stable, negative charge of inactive neuron |
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Definition
| When there is a "potential for action;" brief positive electrical charge/firing |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of the electrical potential of the cell from negative towards zero |
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Term
| What is hyperpolarization? |
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Definition
| Cell membrane either pushes more positive ions out of the cell or allows negative ions to move in; becomes MORE negative |
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Term
| What (2) parts compose the nervous system? |
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Definition
Central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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Term
| What 2 parts compose the CNS? |
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Definition
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| What 2 parts compose the PNS? |
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Definition
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Definition
| organs under voluntary muscle control |
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Definition
| Controls the more automatic needs of the body (HR, digestion, and BP) |
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Definition
| Triggers the release of chemicals creating a state of readiness (increased HR, BP, and breathing rate) |
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Definition
| Calms the body down by slowing HR and BP |
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Definition
| Part of the soma of a neuron that connects to the axon |
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Term
| Define saltatory conduction |
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Definition
| When the action potential to jump down the axon rather than traveling from point to point via nodes of ranvier |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical messengers that relay information from one neuron to the next |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common neurotransmitter in the brain. Probably involved in a host of mental processes, including memory. |
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Definition
| Communication between motor neurons and muscles in the body, leading to muscle contraction. May also play a role in Alzheimer disease. |
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Definition
| Commonly associated with reward and pleasure systems in the brain. Plays a role in both schizophrenia and Parkinson disease. |
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Definition
| Regulating sleep, dreaming, and general arousal. Also may play a role in some psychological disorders, including depression. |
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Definition
| The regulation of anxiety; tranquilizing drugs act on GABA to decrease anxiety. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enhance/mimic the action of neurotransmitters |
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Term
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Definition
| Block the action of neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| The number of action potentials a neuron generates per unit of time |
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Definition
| Period of time following an action potential when more action potentials cannot be generated |
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Term
| What 3 neurotransmitters are inhibitory? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 neurotransmitters are excitatory? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Electroencephalograph; device used to monitor the gross electrical activity of the brain
Used to detect abnormalities in brain waves |
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Term
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Definition
Computerized Tomography Scan; highly focused beams of x-rays to construct detailed anatomical maps of the living brain
Used to detect tumors/injuries to the brain |
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Term
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Definition
Positron emission tomography; harmless radioactive substance is absorbed into cells of brain regions active during various tasks
Shows the activated areas in the brain during tasks |
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Term
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Definition
Magnetic Resonance Imaging; uses magnetic fields and radio-wave pulses to construct detailed, 3-D images of the brain
Can be used to map changes in blood oxygen use as a function of task activity; more detailed images than PET Scan and doesn’t use radioactive chemicals |
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