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| images, ideas, concepts and principles |
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| consists of a system of symbols and rules for combining these symbols in ways that can generate an infinite number of possible messages and meanings |
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| the scientific study of the psychological aspects of language |
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| a set of rules that dictate how symbols can be combined to create meaningful units of communication |
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| rules that govern the order of words |
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| the meaning of words and sentences |
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| the symbols of language can be combined to generate an infinite number of messages that have novel meaning |
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| refers to the fact that language allows us to communicate about events and objects that are not physically present |
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| consists of the symbols that are used and their order |
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| refers to the underlying meaning of the combined symbols |
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| the smallest unit of language that can signal a difference in meaning |
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| the smallest units of meaning in a language (many phonemes combined) |
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Definition
| sentences are combined into paragraphs, articles, books, conversations, and so forth |
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Definition
| individual elements of a stimulus are analyzed and then combined to form a unified perception |
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Definition
| sensory information is interpreted in light of existing knowledge, concepts, ideas, and expectations |
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| perceiving where each word within a spoken sentence begins and ends |
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Definition
| a knowledge of the practical aspects of using language |
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Term
| Where is Broca's Area, and what is it involved in? |
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Definition
| left hemisphere front lobe, word production and articulation |
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Term
| Where is Wernicke's area, and what is it involved in? |
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Definition
| rear portion of the temporal lobe, speech comprehension |
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Term
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Definition
| an impairment in speech comprehension and/or production (permanent or temporary) |
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Term
| Language Acquisition Device (LAD) |
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Definition
| an innate biological mechanism that contains the general grammatical rules common to all languages |
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| Language Acquisition Support System (LASS) |
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Definition
| factors in the social environment that facilitate the learning of a language |
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| Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis |
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Definition
| language not only influences but also determines what we are capable of thinking |
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Term
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Definition
expresses a proposition or statement
'im hungry'
'it's almost time for dinner' |
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Definition
| consists of images that we can see, hear, or feel in our mind |
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| relates to mental representations of motor movements such as throwing an object |
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Definition
| statements that express ideas |
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Term
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Definition
| basic units of semantic memory-mental categories into which we place objects, activities, abstractions, and events that have essential features in common |
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| the most typical and familiar members of a category or a class |
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Definition
reason from the top down
begin with a set of premises and determine what the premise implies about the situation |
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Definition
reason from the bottom up
discover general principles or laws as a result of observing a number of specific instances of a phenomenon |
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Definition
| the tendancy to abandon logical rules in favour of our own personal beliefs |
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| the idea that the same information, problem, or options can be structured and presented in different ways |
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| the tendency to stick to solutions that have worked in the past |
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| mental blueprints or step-by-step scripts for selecting information and solving specialized classes of problems |
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| formulas or procedures that automatically generate correct solutions |
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| general problem solving strategies that we apply to certain classes of situations |
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Definition
| identify differences between the present situation and the desired state, or goal, and then make changes that will reduce these differences |
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Definition
| formulating subgoals or intermediate steps, towards a solution |
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| Representativeness Heuristic |
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Definition
| infer how closely something or someone fits our prototype for a particular concept, or class, and therefore how likely it is to be a member of that class |
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Definition
| generation of novel ideas that depart from the norm |
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| the ability to produce something that is both new and valuable |
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| the tendency to be so fixed in their perception of the proper function of an object or a procedure that they are blinded to new ways of using it |
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| creative solutions to problems pop into our minds in a flash of insight when we have temporarily given up and put the problem aside |
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Definition
| mental framework, an organized pattern of thought about some aspect of the world |
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| mental framework concerning a sequence of events that usually unfolds in a regular, almost standardized order |
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| a system of knowledge about the meaning and conduct of life |
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Definition
| a representation of a stimulus that originates inside your brain rather than from external sensory input |
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Definition
| refers to your awareness and understanding of your own cognitive abilities |
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Definition
| represents your awareness and knowledge of your memory capabilities |
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