Term
| Thyroid Gland is found where? |
|
Definition
at the base of the throat |
|
|
Term
| What does the thyroid consist of? |
|
Definition
two lobes and a connecting
isthmus |
|
|
Term
| The thyroid produces what 2 hormones? |
|
Definition
•Thyroid hormone
•Calcitonin |
|
|
Term
| thyroid hormone is a major metabolic hormone true or false? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what 2 iodine-containing hormones make up a thyroid? |
|
Definition
-Thyroxin (T4)
-Triiodothyronine (T3) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disorder: Thyroid gland enlarges due to lack of iodine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•Caused by hyposecretion of thyroxine
•Results in dwarfism during childhood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•Caused by hypothyroidism in adults
•Results in physical and mental
slugishness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•Caused by hyperthyroidism
•Results in increased metabolism, heat intolerance, rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and exophthalmos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•Decreases blood calcium levels by causing
its deposition on bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tiny masses on the posterior of the thyroid, that secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
|
|
Term
| Parathyroid hormone function is what? |
|
Definition
•Stimulate osteoclasts to remove calcium from bone
•Stimulate the kidneys and intestine to absorb more calcium
•Raise calcium levels in the blood |
|
|
Term
| Adrenal glands are located where? |
|
Definition
| they sit on top of the kidneys |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 regions of the adrenal glands? |
|
Definition
Adrenal cortex , Adrenal medulla |
|
|
Term
| what is the adrenal cortex? |
|
Definition
outer glandular region has three layers |
|
|
Term
| what is the adrenal medulla? |
|
Definition
inner neural tissue region |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex? |
|
Definition
1.) Mineralocorticoids: secreted by outermost layer
2.) Glucocorticoids: secreted by middle layer
3.) Sex hormones: secreted by innermost
layer |
|
|
Term
| Mineralocorticoids (mainly aldosterone) are responsible for what? |
|
Definition
•Produced in outer adrenal cortex, they regulate mineral content in blood
•Regulate water and electrolyte balance |
|
|
Term
| Glucocorticoids (including cortisone and cortisol) are responsible for what? |
|
Definition
•Produced in the middle layer of the adrenal cortex, and promote normal cell metabolism
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•Adrenal cortex disorder, results from hyposecretion of all adrenal cortex hormones
•Bronze skin tone, muscles are weak, burnout, susceptibility to infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•adrenal cortex disorder, result from an ACTH-releasing tumor
•Excess water and sodium are retained leading to high blood pressure and edema |
|
|
Term
| Sex hormones are produced where? |
|
Definition
| the inner layer of the adrenal cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•Results from a tumor in the middle cortical area of the adrenal cortex
•can cause “Moon face,” “buffalo hump” on the upper back, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, weakening of bones, depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•Results from hypersecretion of sex hormones
•Beard and male distribution of hair growth |
|
|
Term
| The adrenal medula produces two similar hormones (catecholamines) |
|
Definition
•Epinephrine (adrenaline) and Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) |
|
|
Term
| The 2 hormones produced by the adrenal medulla (Epinephrine and Norepinephrine) prepare the body for what? |
|
Definition
| to deal with short-term stress ("fight or flight") by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose levels |
|
|
Term
| Pancreatic islets produce what hormones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
allows glucose to cross plasma membranes into cells; released from beta cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
allows glucose to enter the blood; released from alpha cells |
|
|
