Term
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Definition
| The clumping of cells as a result of interaction with specific antibodies called agglutinins. |
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Term
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Definition
| A plasma protein. Found in practically all animal tissues and in many plant tissues. Helps maintain blood volume and blood pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hypersensitive reaction to normally harmless antigens, most of which are environmental. |
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Term
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Definition
| An exaggerated, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen. |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal condition of the blood characterized by red blood cells or variable and abnormal size. |
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Term
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Definition
| Substances produced by the body in response to bacteria, viruses, or other foreign substances. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance, usually a protein, that causes the formation of an antibody and reacts specifically with that antibody. |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of a fluid containing large amounts of protein and electrolytes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A granulocytic white blood cell characterized by cytoplasmic granules that stain blue when exposed to a basic dye. Represent 1% or less of the total white blood cell count. |
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Term
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Definition
| The orange-yellow pigment of bile formed principally by the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells after termination of their normal life span. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of transforming a liquid into a solid, especially of the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any cell of the body; a red or white blood cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process in development in which unspecialized cells or tissues are systemically modified and altered to achieve specific and characteristic physical forms, physiologic functions, and chemical properties. |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal condition of the blood or bone marrow, such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, or prenatal Rh incompatibility. |
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Term
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Definition
| The abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of charged suspended particles through a liquid medium in response to changes in an electric field. Charged particles of a given substance migrate in a predictable direction and at a characteristic speed. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organic substance that initiates and accelerates a chemical reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| A granulocytic, bilobed leukocyte somewhat larger than a neutrophil characterized by large numbers of coarse, refractile, cytoplasmic granules that stain with the acid dye eosin. |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| An immature red blood cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mature red blood cell. RBC |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of red blood cell production. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone synthesized mainly in the kidneys and released into the bloodstream in response to anoxia. The hormone acts to stimulate and regulate the production of erythrocytes and is thus able to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stringy, insoluble protein that is the substance of a blood clot. |
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Term
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Definition
| A plasma protein converted into fibrin by thrombin in the presence of calcium ions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of four globulin protein molecules that become bound by the iron in heme molecules to form hemoglobin. |
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Term
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Definition
| A plasma protein made int he liver. Helps the synthesis of antibodies. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of leukocyte characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic granules. |
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Term
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Definition
| A medical specialist in the field of hematology. |
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Term
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Definition
| The scientific study of blood and blood forming tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
| The pigmented,iron-containing, nonprotein portion of the hemoglobin molecule. Binds with and carries oxygen in the red blood cells, releasing it to tissues that give off excess amounts of carbon dioxide. |
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Term
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Definition
| A complex protein-iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| The breakdown of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin that occurs normally at the end of the life span of a red cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| A loss of a large amount of blood in a short period of time, either externally or internally. |
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Term
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Definition
| A naturally occurring anticlotting factor present in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| An increased level of albumin in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Greater than normal amounts of the bile pigment, biliruben, in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| An excessive level of blood fats, usually caused by a lipoprotein lipase deficiency or a defect in the conversion of low-density lipoproteins to high-density lipoproteins; also called hyperlipidemia. |
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Term
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Definition
| An electrically charged particle. |
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Term
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Definition
| A white blood cell, one of the formed elements of the circulating blood system. WBC |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal decrease in number of white blood cells to fewer than 5,00 cells per cubic millimeter. |
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Term
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Definition
| An extremely large bone marrow cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| A large mononuclear leukocyte. |
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Term
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Definition
| Of or pertaining to the bone marrow or the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| A polymorphonuclear (multilobed nucleus) granular leukocyte that stains easily with neutral dyes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A marked reduction in the number of the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. |
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Term
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Definition
| A craving to eat unusual substances, including but not limited to things such as clay, dirt, starch, chalk, glue, ice, and hair. |
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Term
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Definition
| The watery, straw-colored, fluid portion of the lymph and the blood in which leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets are suspended. |
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Term
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Definition
| A clotting cell; a thrombocyte. |
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Term
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Definition
| A plasma protein precursor of thrombin. It is synthesized in the liver if adequate vitamin K is present. |
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Term
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Definition
| An immature erythrocyte characterized by a meshlike pattern of threads and particles at the former site of the nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Systemic infection in which pathogens are present in the circulating bloodstream, having spread from an infection in any part of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| A change in serologic tests from negative to positive as antibodies develop in reaction to an infection or vaccine. |
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Term
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Definition
| The branch of laboratory medicine that studies blood serum for evidence of infection by evaluating antigen-antibody reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| The clear, thin, and sticky fluid portion of the blood that remains after coagulation. Contains no blood cells, platelets, or fibrinogen. |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal enlargement of the spleen. |
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Term
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Definition
| A formative cell; a cell whose daughter cells may give rise to other cell types. |
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme formed from prothrombin, calcium, and thromboplastin in plasma during the clotting process. Causes fibrinogen to change to fibrin, which is essential in the formation of a clot. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A clotting cell; a platelet. |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal hematologic condition in which the number of platelets is reduced. |
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Term
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Definition
| A complex substance that initiates the clotting process by converting prothrombin into thrombin in the presence of calcium ion. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Person who receives blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rh antigen is present on the red blood cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rh antigen is not present on the red blood cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which there is a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood to levels below the normal range, resulting in a deficiency of oxygen being delivered to the cells. Named according to the cause. Similarities in all types of anemia: fatigue, paleness of the skin, headache, fainting, tingling sensations and numbness, loss of appetite, swelling in the lower extremities, and difficulty breathing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Also called bone marrow depression anemia. Characterized by pancytopenia - an inadequacy of the formed blood elements. |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by the extreme reduction in circulating RBCs due to their destruction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by deficiency of hemoglobin level due to a lack of iron in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Results from a deficiency of mature RBCs and the formation and circulation of megaloblasts (large, nucleated, immature, poorly functioning RBCs) with marked poikilocytosis and anisocytosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chronic hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the RBCs become shaped like a crescent in the presence of low oxygen concentration. |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormally elevated number of granulocytes in the circulating blood as a reaction to any variety of inflammation or infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rare iron metabolism disease characterized by iron deposits throughout the body, usually a complication of one of the hemolytic anemias. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves different hereditary inadequacies of coagulation factors resulting in prolonged bleeding times. |
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Term
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Definition
| An excessive uncontrolled increase of immature WBCs in the blood eventually leading to infection, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. |
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Term
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Definition
| A malignant plasma cell neoplasm, causes an increase in the number of both mature and immature plasma cells, which often entirely replace the bone marrow and destroy the skeletal structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal increase in the number of RBCs, granulocytes, and thrombocytes, leading to an increase in blood volume and viscosity. |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of blood beneath the skin in the form of pinpoint hemorrhages appearing as red-purple skin discolorations. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hereditary form of hemolytic anemia in which the alpha or beta hemoglobin chains are defective and the production of hemoglobin is deficient, creating hypochromic microcytic RBCs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to discover the presence of antierythrocyte antibodies present in the blood of an Rh-negative woman; aka Coomb's test. |
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Term
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Definition
| Measurement of the time required for bleeding to stop. |
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Term
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Definition
| An administration of blood or a blood component to an individual to replace blood lost through surgery, trauma, or disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| The microscopic exam of bone marrow tissue, which fully evaluates hematopoiesis by revealing the number, shape, and size of the RBCs and WBCs and platelet precursors. |
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Term
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Definition
| After receiving an intravenous infusion of aggressive chemotherapy or total-body irradiation to destroy all malignant cells and to inactivate the immune system, a donor's bone marrow cells are infused intravenously into the recipient. |
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Term
| complete blood cell count (CBC) |
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Definition
| A series of tests performed on peripheral blood, which inexpensively screens for problems in the hematologic system as well as in several other organ systems. |
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Term
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) |
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Definition
| A test performed on the blood, which measures the rate at which red blood cells settle out in a tube of unclotted blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| An assessment of RBC percentage in the total blood volume. |
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Term
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Definition
| Concentration measurement of the hemoglobin in the peripheral blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Measures the lipids in the blood. |
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Term
| partial thromboplastin time (PTT) |
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Definition
| A blood test used to evaluate the common pathway and system of clot formation within the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| The count of platelets per cubic millimeter of blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| A blood test used to evaluate the common pathway and extrinsic system of clot formation. |
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Term
| red blood cell count (RBC) |
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Definition
| The measurement of the circulating number of RBCs in 1 mm3 of peripheral blood. |
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Term
| red blood cell morphology |
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Definition
| An examination of the RBC on a stained blood smear that enables the examiner to identify the form and shape of the RBCs. |
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Term
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Definition
| A measurement of the number of circulating reticulocytes, immature erythrocytes, in a blood specimen. |
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Term
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Definition
| An aggregation of RBCs viewed through the microscope that may be an artifact or may occur with persons with multiple myeloma as a result of abnormal proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| A diagnostic analysis for pernicious anemia. |
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Term
| white blood cell (WBC) count |
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Definition
| The measurement of the circulating number of WBCs in 1 mm3 of peripheral blood. |
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Term
| white blood cell differential |
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Definition
| A measurement of the percentage of each specific type of circulating WBCs present in 1 mm3 of peripheral blood drawn for the WBC count. |
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Term
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Definition
| Immunity that is a result of the body developing the ability to defend itself against a specific agent, as a result of having had the disease or from having receive an immunization against a disease. |
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Term
| passive acquired immunity |
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Definition
| Aquired artificially by injecting antibodies from the blood of other individuals or animals into a person's body to protect him or her from a specific disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Acquired naturally as a result of having had a disease or artificially by being inoculated with vaccine, antigen, or toxoids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Masses of lymphatic tissue located near the opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx, also called the pharyngeal tonsils. |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal condition characterized by an excessive reaction to a particular stimulus. |
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Term
| immune reaction (immune response) |
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Definition
| A defense function of the body that produces antibodies to destroy invading antigens and malignancies. |
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Term
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Definition
| The state of being resistant to or protected from a disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of creating immunity to a specific disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| The health specialist whose training and experience is concentrated in immunology. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the reaction of tissues of the immune system of the body to antigenic stimulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A special treatment of allergic responses that administers increasingly large doses of the offending allergens to gradually develop immunity. |
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Term
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Definition
| A reaction to treatment that occurs at the site it was administered. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interstitial fluid picked up by the lymphatic capillaries and eventually returned to the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any disorder of the lymph nodes or lymph vessels, characterized by localized or generalized enlargement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small, agranulocytic leukocytes originating from fetal stem cells and developing in the bone marrow. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any phagocytic cell involved in the defense against infection and in the disposal od the products of the breakdown of cells. Found in lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lungs, brain, and spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| Immunity with which we are born; also called genetic immunity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease producing microorganisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of a cell engulfing and destroying bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| The body's ability to counteract the effects of pathogens and other harmful agents. |
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Term
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Definition
| A state of having a lack of resistance to pathogens and other harmful agents. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells important to the immune response. They mature in the thymus, enter the blood and circulate throughout the body, providing defense against disease by attacking foreign and/or abnormal cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Masses of lymphatic tissue located in a protective ring, just under the mucous membrane, surrounding the mouth and back of the throat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Located along the path of the collecting vessels. Also called lymph glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| Smallest lymphatic vessels. They originate in tissue spaces as blind-ended sacs. They pick up accumulated interstitial fluid and return it to the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Larger than capillaries. They receive lymph from the lymphatic capillaries. They transport the fluid in only on direction and have valves to prevent the backward flow of fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of two ducts: the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct. They are the only points of entry of the lymph into the blood vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| Receives lymph drainage from right side of head and neck, the right upper extremity, and the right side of the chest. Empties into right subclavian vein. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Receives lymph drainage from the remaining regions of the body and empties into the left subclavian vein. |
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Term
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Definition
| A single gland located in the mediastinum. Secretes a hormone called thymosin, which stimulates the red bone marrow to produce T cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Located in the left upper quadrant, it is the largest lymphatic organ. It filters blood. Macrophages of the spleen remove pathogens and remove old red blood cells from circulation. |
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Term
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) |
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Definition
| Involves clinical conditions that destroy the body's immune system in the last or final phase of a human immunodeciciency virus (HIV)infection, which primarily damages helper T cell lymphocytes with CD4 receptors. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A large species-specific herpes-type virus with a wide variety of disease effects. It causes serious illness in persons with AIDS, in newborns, and in individuals who are being treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Usually results in retinal or gastrointestinal infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| A syndrome involving a deficiency of one or more types of blood cells and an enlarged spleen. |
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Term
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Definition
| A locally destructive malignant neoplasm of the blood vessels associated with AIDS, typically forming lesions on the skin, visceral organs, or mucous membranes. These lesions appear initially as tiny red to purple macules and evolve into sizable nodules of plaques. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A lymphoid tissue neoplasm that is typically malignant, beginning with a painless enlarged lymph node and progressive to anemia, weakness, fever, and weight loss. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A malignant neoplasm in the jaw or abdomen and is seen chiefly in Central Africa. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Characterized by progressive painless enlargement of a malignant tumor of the lymph tissue in the lymph nodes and spleen typically noted first in the cervical region. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Classification of any type of maligant lymphoma other than Hodgkin's disease. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), typically benign, self-limiting acute infection of the B lymphocytes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An autoimmune disease in which antibodies block or destroy some acetylcholine receptor sites. |
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Term
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia |
|
Definition
| Caused by a common worldwide parasite, Pneumocystis carinii, for which most people have immunity if they are not severely immunocompromised. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A systemic inflammatory disease resulting in the formation of multiple small, rounded lesions in the lungs, lymph nodes, eyes, liver, and other organs. |
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Term
| systemic lupus eythematosus |
|
Definition
| An inflammatory connective tissue disease, chronic in nature, in which immune complexes are formed from the reaction of autoantibodies and their corresponding antigens. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Located on each side of the throat, near the opening of the oral cavity into the pharynx. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Located near the base of the tongue. |
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Term
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) |
|
Definition
| A blood test used for screening for an antibody to the AIDS virus. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Detects the presence of the antibodies to HIV used to confirm validity of ELISA tests. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A collection of X-ray images taken from various angles following injection of a contrast medium. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An X-ray assessment of the lymphatic system following injection of a contrast medium into the lymph vessels in the hand or foot. |
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Term
|
Definition
| aka Christmas disease; is the deficiency of a coagulation factor |
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Term
|
Definition
| aka classic hemophilia; most common type. |
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Term
|
Definition
| production of formed elements in the blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| the antibodies that function in immunity |
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Term
|
Definition
| dislodged, circulating clot |
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Term
|
Definition
| mixing donor blood with recipient blood and observing the mixture for agglutination of the donor's RBCs. |
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Term
|
Definition
| antigen located on the surface of the red blood cells; named so because it was first studied in the rhesus monkey. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the termination of bleeding by mechanical or chemical means or by the complex coagulation process of the body, consisting of vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and thrombin and fibrin synthesis. |
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