Term
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Definition
| Skeletal muscle tissue is primary type of tissue |
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Term
Functions of Muscular System |
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Definition
1.Skeletal movement
2.Maintains posture / position
3.Supports soft tissue
4.Controls opening / exits of body
5.Maintains body temperature |
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Term
Organization of Skeletal Muscle Tissue |
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Definition
1.Muscle Cell
2.Connective Tissue of Muscle |
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Term
Organization of Skeletal Muscle Tissue-
Muscle Cell |
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Definition
a.Multinucleated
b.Sarcolemma - membrane
c.Sarcoplasm - cytoplasm
d.Satellite cells
e.Very large - up to 16” long |
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Term
Organization of skeletal muscle tissue-
Connective Tissue of Muscle |
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Definition
1. Epimysium
2. Perimysium
3. Endomysium
4. Tendon
5. Aponeuroses |
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Term
Organization of skeletal muscle tissue-
Connective Tissue of Muscle
Epimysium |
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Definition
| dense irregular CT that surrounds entire muscle |
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Term
Organization of skeletal muscle tissue-
Connective Tissue of Muscle
Perimysium |
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Definition
| divides the muscle into internal compartments each containing a fascicle; location of blood vessels and nerves |
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Term
Organization of skeletal muscle tissue-
Connective Tissue of Muscle
Endomysium |
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Definition
| surrounds each fiber; binds each fiber to neighbor capillaries; location of satellite cells |
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Term
Organization of skeletal muscle tissue-
Connective Tissue of Muscle
Tendon |
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Definition
| at the ends of a muscle the collagen fibers of the 3 layers converge to form a fibrous tendon and attach muscles to bone |
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Term
Organization of skeletal muscle tissue-
Connective Tissue of Muscle
Aponeuroses |
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Definition
| tendons that form thick flattened sheets that cover the surface of a muscle |
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Term
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Definition
-arrangement has a significant effect on the
•power
•range
•speed of movement
-within a fascicle are parallel to each other (but fascicles arent always parallel to each other
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Term
Muscle Fiber Arrangements
Parallel Muscles |
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Definition
-fascicles are parallel
-most common arrangement
- Central body (belly) portion of muscle gets wider during contraction
-tension depends on the number of myofibrils
-biceps brachii |
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Term
Muscle Fiber Arrangements
Convergent Muscles |
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Definition
-fascicles are stretched over a large area but converge to one point for attachment
-Versatile muscle that can change the direction of pull by selectively stimulating only specific muscle groups
-When all the muscles contract at once they do not generate as much tension because they cancel out
-Pectoralis muscles |
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Term
Muscle Fiber Arrangement
Pennate Muscles |
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Definition
-one or more tendons run through the body of the muscle and the fascicles form an oblique angle to the tendon
-Do not pull tendon as far
-Contain more muscle fibers than a similar-sized parallel muscle and therefore produce more tension
-Rectus femoris |
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Term
Muscle Fiber Arrangement
Circular Muscles
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Definition
-aka sphincters
- are concentrically around an orifice or recess
-Orbicularis oris |
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Term
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Definition
Origin - muscle begins; bone or structure that remains stationary after contraction or is proximal to the insertion
Insertion - muscle ends; movable end or distal to the origin
Tricep - inserts on the olecranon process of the ulna and originates in the shoulder |
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Term
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Definition
-agonist
-synergist
-antagonist |
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Term
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Definition
-prime mover
- muscle contraction produces a particular movement; biceps brachii is an agonist producing flexion at the elbow |
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Term
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Definition
-assist an agonist muscle by providing additional pull or stability to the point of origin;
-latissimus dorsi (agonist) has little strength when arms are fully extended above head but teres major (synergist) helps initiate movement |
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Term
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Definition
-actions oppose agonist;
-when agonist contracts the antagonist will stretch but not completely relax - this tension controls the speed and smoothness of the agonist contraction;
- triceps brachii is the antagonist to the biceps brachii |
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Term
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Definition
-some names include reference to the orientation of the muscle fibers
-Rectus - straight (parallel) fibers; rectus abdominis and rectus femoris
-Transversus - fibers run across body axis |
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Term
| naming-shape and features |
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Definition
-some muscles are named after their shape or specific features
-Bi-, tri-, and quadriceps - refer to the number of tendons of origin
-Deltoid - triangular
-Longus / longissimus - long muscles |
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Term
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Definition
- muscles can be named based on their location in the body
-Superficials or externus - visible at the surface
-Internus or profundus - deeper |
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Term
| naming - origins/insertions |
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Definition
| - the first part of the name indicates the origin and the latter part is the insertion |
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Term
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Definition
-some muscles are named based on the movement they cause
a.Extensor
b.Flexor |
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Term
| Movement of bones, joints, & muscles depends on more than just the presence of a large or small muscle |
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Definition
-Components of movement
-Lever - rigid structure (bone) that moves
-Fulcrum - the fixed point (joint) that the lever moves in respect to
-Applied force - the effect of muscular contractions
-Classes of levers (Fig. 9.15)
-First class - seesaw type of movement (forward / backwards movement of head)
-Second class - resistance is located between the fulcrum and applied force (i.e. wheelbarrow; plantar flexion)
-Third class - force is applied between the resistance and fulcrum; most common in the body (flex forearm) |
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