Term
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Definition
Total number of births per 1000 |
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Term
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Definition
Total number of deaths per 1000 |
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Term
What is the continent with the highest CBR and CDR? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the 3 most populous countries? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the 2 most useful indicators of a country's health? |
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Definition
Infant Mortality rate and life expectancy |
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Term
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Definition
death of children per 1000 before their 1st birthday |
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Term
Replacement Level Fertility |
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Definition
Number of children needed to replace parents |
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Term
Why is the Replacement Level Fertility higher than 2? |
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Definition
Because of infant mortality |
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Term
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) |
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Definition
Average number of children women have |
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Term
What is Total Fertility Rate most useful for? |
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Definition
For predicting future population change |
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Term
What is the leaing cause of infant mortality? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Will strain social security Strain medicare as they age Influence government by demanding goods and services |
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Term
What was the average TFR in 2006? |
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Definition
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Term
What percent of births outnumber deaths? |
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Definition
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Term
What percent of the births came from illegal and legal immigration? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Desired gender (gender imbalance) Abortion Contraception Delayed marriage |
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Term
How much of the world's land do women possess? |
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Definition
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Term
How much of the world's income do women receive? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the number of children a woman has affected by? |
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Definition
Having rights Education Employment Infant deaths Availability of pension Contraception |
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Term
What are the 3 age structure categories? |
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Definition
Prereproductive Reproductive Postreproductive |
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Term
What countries have a negative growth rate? |
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Definition
Germany, Bulgaria, Sweden |
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Term
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Definition
Stuck in transition, population growth overwhelms economic growth |
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Term
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Definition
high birth/death rate, high infant mortality |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Birth rate decreases, most developed countries are at this place |
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Term
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Definition
Birth/death rates are equal |
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Term
How are grey wolves keystone species? |
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Definition
vegetation reestablishes, species diversity expands, food for scavengers |
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Term
|
Definition
Instrumental and intrinsic value |
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Term
What are the nonuse values? |
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Definition
Existence, aesthetic, bequest values |
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Term
|
Definition
Economic and ecological services |
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Term
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Definition
Value based on existence, regardless of usefulness to humans |
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Term
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Definition
Satisfaction of knowing it exists |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
protect for future generations |
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Term
What is the most common use of wood? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Have not been seriously disturbed for several hundreds of years |
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Term
What are snags/fallen trees important? |
|
Definition
Create habitat, recycle nutrients, holds soil |
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Term
|
Definition
Trees resulting from natural secondary succession. Tree farms are second growth |
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Term
|
Definition
planted stands of a particular tree species (monoculture) |
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Term
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Definition
Runoff or eroded soil into aquatic systems, premature extinction of species within specialized niches, regional climate change from extensive clearing, release of CO2 into atmosphere |
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Term
Building ___ leads to fragmentation |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
trees can be harvested individually from diverse forests |
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Term
|
Definition
an entire forest can be cut down |
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Term
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Definition
Portions of forest cut out, follows curve of mountain |
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Term
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Definition
Selective/strip cutting. Reduce roads into uncut forests, protecting old-growth, reduce fragmentation |
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Term
Certified Sustainable Forestry |
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Definition
Cutting doesn't exceed regeneration, 6% of world's forests are certified, leave snags |
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Term
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Definition
Burns only the surface litter |
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Term
|
Definition
Burns very hot, moves fast |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
set controlled surface fires, allow fires to burn if they don't threaten life/property |
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Term
Healthy Forest Restoration Act |
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Definition
Allows timber companies to cut medium and large trees in 71% of the national forests. must clear away smaller, more fire-prone trees and underbrush |
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Term
|
Definition
For paper. No fertilizer, no pesticide, more fiber, less energy but lots of money |
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Term
Where does most of the world's hardwood come from? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
broad leafs whose seeds are in fruit |
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Term
What continent has the fastest tropical deforestation |
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Definition
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|
Term
What are the consequences of burning rain forests? |
|
Definition
Climate change, reduces rainfall
Why? CO2 sink, transpiration
Rain forest becomes savanna |
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Term
|
Definition
treatment of many diseases, lumber, fuel, spermicide
in India |
|
|
Term
Basic causes for deforestation |
|
Definition
Poverty, population growth |
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|
Term
Secondary causes for desforestation |
|
Definition
oil drilling, mining, cattle ranching, cash crops |
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Term
|
Definition
Coffee, bananas, cocoa, nuts, etc |
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Term
|
Definition
Allows a fair return to the growers for their work |
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Term
What are the two grasslands? |
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Definition
Natural grasslands (rangelands) and managed grasslands (pastures) |
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Term
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Definition
soil compaction, invasive species, lowers water holding capacity, erosion |
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Term
Sustain grassland productivity |
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Definition
Controlling the number/distribution of livestock, restoring degraded rangeland |
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Term
|
Definition
Trying yo return to original state |
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Term
How to Restore Grasslands |
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Definition
Protect the riparian areas, suppress invasive species, replant native grass, rotate watering holes |
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Term
What is the national forest managed by? |
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Definition
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Term
What is national wildlife refuges manged by? |
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Definition
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Term
National Forest vs. National Park |
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Definition
National Forest: can do more activities National Park: restricted use |
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Term
|
Definition
Protect habitats, provide recreation from human activities. Humans are temporary visitors |
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Term
National Wildlife and Scenic River System |
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Definition
1968 to preserve certain rivers from human activities |
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Term
What is bad about habitat corridors? |
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Definition
Makes it easier for invasive species to get in |
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Term
How can we make conservation more appealing? |
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Definition
Make conversation more profitable, initiate restoration, prevent damage |
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