Term
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Definition
| the movement of individuals or groups from one level in a stratification system to another |
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Term
| intergenerational mobility |
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Definition
| the social movement (upward or downward) experienced by family members from one generation to the next |
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Term
| intragenerational mobility |
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Definition
| the social movement (upward or downward) of individuals within their own lifetime |
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Term
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Definition
| an extreme form of stratification in which some people are owned by others |
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Term
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Definition
| a system of social inequality in which people's status is permanently determined at birth based on their parents' ascribed characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of stratification based on the ownership and control of resources and on the type of work people do |
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Term
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Definition
bourgeoisie
Marx's term for the class that consists of those who own and control the means of production |
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Term
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Definition
proletariat
Marx's term for those who must sell their labor to the owners in order to earn enough money to survive |
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Term
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Definition
a feeling of powerlessness from other people and from oneself
(alienation from owner, product, other workers, and self) |
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Term
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Definition
| Marx's term for the struggle between the capitalist class and the working class |
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Term
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Definition
| the value of all of a person's or family's economic assets, including income, personal property, and income-producing property |
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Term
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Definition
| the respect or regard with which a person or status position is regarded by others |
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Term
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Definition
| Weber's term for the ability of people or groups to achieve their goals despite opposition from others |
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Term
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Definition
| a combined measure that, in order to determine class location, attempts to classify individuals, families, or households in terms of factors such as income, occupation and education |
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Term
| the weberian model of the us class structure |
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Definition
1. upper (capitalist) class - investments, inheritance, executives
2. upper middle class - professional, managerial positions
3. middle class - white collar, highly skilled blue collar jobs
4. working class - factory, clerical, retail jobs
5. working poor - laborers, service industry jobs
6. underclass - temporary, seasonal, part time jobs |
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Term
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Definition
| relatively low paying, nonmanual, semiskilled positions primarily held by women, such as day care workers, checkout clerks, cashiers, and waitpersons |
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Term
| marxian model of the us class structure |
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Definition
| there's a capitalist class/bourgiousie and a working class/proletariat. in society, the rich keep getting richer and the poor keep getting poorer |
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Term
| wright's model of the us class structure |
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Definition
based on ownership and control of the means of production and the labor of others
1. capitalist class
2. managerial class - have substantial control over the means of production and over workers
3. small business class
4. the working class |
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Term
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Definition
| the economic gain derived from wages, salaries, income transfers (government aid), and ownership of property |
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Term
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Definition
| a level of economic deprivation that exists when people do not have the means to secure the most basic necessities of life |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition that exists when people may be able to afford basic necessities but are still unable to maintain an average standard of living |
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Term
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Definition
| the trend in which women are disproportionately represented among individuals living in poverty |
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Term
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Definition
| a reduction in the proficiency needed to perform a specific job that leads to a corresponding reduction in the wages for that job |
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Term
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Definition
| a hierarchy in which all positions are rewarded based on people's ability and credentials |
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Term
| functionalist perspective: social inequality |
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Definition
| some degree of social inequality is necessary for the smooth functioning of society (in order to fill the most important functions) and thus is inevitable |
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Term
| conflict perspective: social inequality |
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Definition
| powerful individuals and groups use ideology to maintain their favored positions in society at the expense of others, and the wealth is not necessary in order to motivate people |
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Term
| symbolic interactionist perspective: social inequality |
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Definition
| the beliefs and actions of people reflect their class location in society |
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