Term
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Definition
CO2 + H2O --> glucose + O2
light energy is absorbed by chlorophyl and converted to organic molecules |
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Term
| noncyclic photophosphorylation function |
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Definition
| creates ATP and NADPH (electron carrier--reducing power?) |
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Term
| The light reactions through with O2, ATP, and NADPH are made, occur at the _________ __________. The _______ ________ in which enzymes use ______ and _______ to incorporate CO2 into carbohydrate, occurs in the ________, which ALL occurs inside the __________ which are inside _________ _____. |
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Definition
thylakoid membrane
calvin cycle
ATP
NADPH
stroma
chloroplast
mesophyll cells |
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Term
| The light-independent reaction in photosynthesis, basically the ______ _____ occurs in the ______ which is inside the ___________ which sit inside the _________ _____. |
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Definition
calvin cycle
stroma
chloroplast
mesophyll cells |
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Term
| carbon fixation--when does is occur and what happens in c3 plants? |
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Definition
| occurs in the fist phase of the Calvin Cycle when CO2 is incorporated into an organic molecule using rubisco enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme used during the calvin cycle that incorporates CO2 into an organic molecule. it is perhaps one of the most abundant molecules on Earth. |
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Term
| The 3 phases of the calvin cycle: |
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Definition
1 Carbon fixation using rubisco
2 Reduction and carbohydrate production (uses ATP and electrons from NAHPH)
3 RuBP regeneration |
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Term
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Definition
| used in step 1 of the calvin cycle for carbon fixation via enzyme rubisco |
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Term
| The conbined action of PSII and PSI is termed _________ _________ ____ because the electrons move linearly from PSII to PSI and ultimately to NADP+. |
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Definition
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Term
| Photosystems I and II work together to produce ___ and _____. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pigments that absorb light energy, found in the chloroplast bound to the thylakoid membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| the fluid filled region of the chloroplast between the thylakoid membrane and the inner membrane |
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Term
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Definition
in the central part of the leaf
contain cells where photosynthesis occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| addition of a phosphate group |
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Term
| In hot weather, stomata may close, reducing the amount of CO2 absorbed from atmosphere, increasing the amount of O2 retained. In _______________ rubsico converts extra O2 into CO2, which uses ___ but creates no _____. |
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Definition
photorespiration
ATP
glucose |
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Term
| ______ plants have different anatomy than C3 plants, while _______ have the same anatomy but a different mechanism to avoid photorespiration. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ plants only open ________ at night to prevent __________ yet still absorb ____ necessary for the Calvin Cycle. |
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Definition
CAM
stomata
transpiration
CO2 |
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Term
| C4 plants uses ___ ____________ for carbon fixation in the ______ ______. The ___ molecules are then transported to the ______ _______ _____. |
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Definition
PEP carboxylase
mesophyll cells
bundle sheath cells |
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Term
| In C4 plants, ________________ and the issues of low CO2 (when the stomata close in high heat in __ plants) is avoided by pumping CO2, in a series of reactions from the mesophyll cell to the bundle sheath cells. In C4 plants, ___ carboxylase catalyzes ______ ________. Once outside the mesophyll cell, malate breaks down into pyruvate (which is sent back to mesophyll cell) and CO2!!! This process builds up CO2 in the ______ ______ _____. |
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Definition
photorespiration
c3
PEP
carbon fixation
bundle sheath cells |
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Term
| ____ plants prevent photorespiration by fixing CO2 into a ___ __________ at night & then running the Calvin cycle during the day with their_______ closed. |
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Definition
CAM
4 carbon molecule
stomata |
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Term
| Plants close their _______ by pumping _________ ions ___ of the _____ _____, causing water to _______ the cells through _______. |
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Definition
stomata
potassium
out
guard cells
leave
osmosis |
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