Term
|
Definition
| mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is organizing and attempting to understand information and communicating information to others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mental representations that stand for objects or event and have a picture-like quality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, or activites. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an example of a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of a concept
ex. first thing that comes to mind
most representative exampes
develops as a result of exposure
the best example |
|
|
Term
which is most likely to be a prototype for the concept funiture?
throne
chair
pew
settee |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways
examples: trial and error
algorithms (step by step procedure)
heuristic(educated guess) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| estimating the frequency of likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory or how easy it is to think of related examples |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
assumption that any object or person sharing characteristics with members of a particular category is also a member of that category..
Nerd looking like a nerd so he must be a nerd |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heuristic in which the difference between the starting situation and the goal is determined and then steps are taken to reduce that difference |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sudden perception of a solution to a problem
That "aha!" moment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects in terms of only their typical functions |
|
|
Term
| you forget where you saved a document, so you systematically go through every single folder on your laptop. this is best described as ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A child accidently locked herself in her bedroom and her mother tries all the keys which are not working. Her husband easily opens the lock with a butter knife. The mother is suffering from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency to search for evidence that fits one's beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of solving problems by combing ideas or behaviors in new ways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of thinking in which a problem is seen as having only one answer, and all line of thinking will eventually lead to that single answer, using previous knowledge and logic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different idea based on that point |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems
Intelligence is an individual's potential to learn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
viewing abstract immaterial concepts as if it were a concrete thing
example: viewing intelligence as a trait passed down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proposed that intelligence is characterized by General intelligence (g)- or a general capacity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to reason and solve problems; general intelligence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to excel in certain areas, specific intelligence |
|
|
Term
| Gardner's nine intelligences |
|
Definition
Verbal/linguistic(writers and speakers)
musical
logical/mathmatical(engineers)
visual/spatial(pilots)
movement(athletes)
interpersonal( sensitivity to others; psychologist)
intrapersonal(understanding ones emotions)
Naturalist(recognize patterns in nature)
existentialist (seeing big picture)
LIMB LINES |
|
|
Term
| Triarchic theory of Intelligence |
|
Definition
| sternberg's theory that there are three kinds of intelligences; practical, analytical, Creative (PAC) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to break problems down into component parts or analysis for problem solving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to deal with new and different concepts and come up with new ways of problem solving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to use information to get along in life and become successful |
|
|
Term
| _______ intelligence refers to the ability to break down problems into their component parts for problem solving. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stanford-Binet Intelligence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intelligence quotient (IQ) |
|
Definition
| a number representing a measure of intelligence, resulting from the division of one's mental age by one's chronological age, then multiplying that quotient by 100 |
|
|
Term
| Plato's thoughts about Intelligence |
|
Definition
2 people are not born alike
different people are suited for different populations
one of the first to identify difference in"intelligence" |
|
|
Term
| Sir francis Galton on intelligence |
|
Definition
developed several test to assess mental function
eguenics
hereditary genius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made IQ test work with America as it did not work well before |
|
|
Term
| Average IQ score, and standard deviation |
|
Definition
average score 100 std, deviation is 15
85-115 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IQ= (mental age/actual age)x100% |
|
|
Term
| Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS) |
|
Definition
measures overall intelligence and in addition 11 other aspects related to intelligence designed to assess clinical and educational problems
2 major categories - verbal and performance
4 subscores - verbal comprehension
perceptual organization
working memory
processing speed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are intended to predict your ability to learn a new skills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are intended to relfect what you have already learned |
|
|
Term
| Predictive validity of aptitude tests |
|
Definition
intelligence scores vary closely with achievement tests (.81)
aptitude tests predict school performance well for young children
SAT does not predict college performance well (.5)
GRE is even Worse (.4) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
condition in which a person's behavioral and cognitive skills exist at an earlier developmental stage than the skills of others who are the same chronological age; a more acceptable term for intellectual disability
usually means IQ falls below 70 and adaptive behavior is severely deficient for a person of a particular chronological age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| qualifies as the 2 % of the population falling on the upper end of the normal curve and typically possessing an IQ of 130 or above |
|
|
Term
| At what age do the Intelligence scores become stable at predicting future behavior? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is the ability to perceive (recognize emotion in faces),
understand (predict emotion),
Manage (express emotions in diff. situations)
and use emotions (utilize emotions to adapt or be creative) |
|
|
Term
| For a psych test to be acceptable it has to have what 3 things |
|
Definition
1) standardization
2) Reliability
3)Validity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| designed to give information on an individual's performance relative to others of the same grade of age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
compare one student to another
assess how much worse or better student learned material compared to others
class wide example- top 20% got an A
Population wide example - Percent ranking on ACT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
compare student to a pre determined cut off or percentage correct
assess how thoroughly students have mastered material
class wide example - over 70% correct means you pass the course
population wide example- you must pass 9 out of 10 objectives to get licensed |
|
|
Term
| Principles of constructing a standardized test |
|
Definition
involves administering the test to a representative sample of future test takers in order to establish a basis for meaningful comparison
include norms: give the test to a large number of people
ensure sample is similar to target population
calculate statistics on sample performance
use stats to compare new testers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dividing the test into two equal halves and assessing how consistent the scores are |
|
|
Term
| Alternate forms reliability |
|
Definition
| using different forms of the test to measure consistency between them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| using the same test on two occasions to measure consistency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the degree to which a test actually measures what it is suppose to measure or predict |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
refers to the extent a test measures a particular behavior or trait
Does final exam cover material from class and book? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
scores on a test are related to scores from another measure assessing the same thing
Two depression measures provide similar scores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
scores on a test are unrelated to scores from another measure assessing a different thing
depression and anxiety measures provide different scores |
|
|
Term
| Criterion- related (validity) |
|
Definition
similarity between scores on a test and scores on another test that measures an associated trait
score on ACT and high school GPA roughly similar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
test scores are related to later performance that it should predict
scores on ACT and college performance |
|
|
Term
| Test must be _____ to be Valid |
|
Definition
reliable
a test can be reliable without being valid
a test can not be valid without being reliable |
|
|
Term
| Test can be reliable but still be ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mary's bathroom scale always overstates people's actual weight by exactly six pounds. The scale has ______ reliability and ______ validity. |
|
Definition
high reliability
low validity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an open and symbolic communication system that has rules of grammar and allows its users to express abstract and distant ideas..
Open = free to change
symbolic= no connection between a sound and the meaning or idea its associated with it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
very rudimentary language, also known as pre-language, used by earlier species of Homo.
evolution of language and the brain are intertwined... particularly the frontal lobe. (evolved to grammatical language) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the smallest distinctive sound unit in a spoken language
Bat has three phonemes B-A-T
Chat has three as well Ch-A-T
english has about 40 phonemes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the smallest unit that carries meaning may be a word or part of a word
Previewed Pre -- view---- ed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| system of rules in a language that enables us to communicate with and understand others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentances
example: Semantics tells us that adding -ed to the word laugh means it happened in the past. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rules for ordering words into grammatically sensible sentences.
Example: English syntactical rule is that adjectives come before nouns, WHITE HOUSE, in spanish its reversed; casa blanca |
|
|
Term
| The smallest distinctive sound unit is a _____ and the smallest unit that carries meaning is a ____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Linguistic Relativity hypothesis |
|
Definition
| theory that though processes and concepts are controlled by language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theory that concepts are universal and influence the development of language |
|
|
