Term
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Definition
| A three-phase experimental design consisting of an initial baseline phase (A) until steady state responding (or counter therapeutic trend) is obtained, an intervention phase in which treatment condition (B) is implemented until the behavior has changed and steady state responding is obtained, and a return to baseline conditions (A) by withdrawing the independent variable to see whether responding "reverses" to levels observed in the initial baseline phase. |
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Term
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Definition
An experimental design consisting of:
(1) an initial baseline phase (A) until stead state responding (or counter therapeutic trend) is obtained,
(2) an initial intervention phase in which the treatment variable (B) is implemented until the behavior has changed and steady state responding is obtained,
(3) a return to baseline conditions (A) by withdrawing the independent variable to see whether responding "reverses" to levels observed in the initial baseline phase, and
(4) a second intervention phase (B) to see whether initial treatment effects are replicated |
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Term
| Alternating treatments design |
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Definition
| An experimental design in which two or more conditions (one of which may be a non-treatment control condition) are presented in rapidly alternating succession (e.g., on alternating sessions or days) independent of the level of responding; differences in responding between or among conditions are attributed to the effects of conditions (also called concurrent schedule design, mutli-element design, multiple schedule design) |
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Term
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Definition
| A three-phase experimental design that begins with the treatment condition. After steady state responding has been obtained during the initial treatment phase (B), the treatment is withdrawn (A) to see whether responding changes in the absence of the independent variable. The treatment variable is then reintroduced (B) in an attempt to recapture the level of responding obtained during the first treatment phase. |
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Term
| DRI/DRA reversal technique |
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Definition
| An experimental technique that demonstrates the effects of reinforcement; it uses differential reinforcement of an incompatible or alternative behavior (DRI/DRA) as a control condition instead of a no-reinforcement (baseline) condition. During the DRI/DRA condition, the stimulus change used as reinforcement in the reinforcement condition is presented contingent on occurrences of a specified behavior that is either incompatible with the target behavior or an alternative to the target behavior. A higher level of responding during the reinforcement condition than during the DRI/DRA condition demonstrates that the changes in behavior are the result of contingent reinforcement, not simply the presentation or contact with the stimulus event. |
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Term
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Definition
| An experimental technique for demonstrating the effects of reinforcement by using differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) as a control condition instead of a no-reinforcment (baseline) condition. During the DRO condition, the stimulus change used as reinforcement inn the reinforcement condition is presented contingent on the absence of the target behavior for a specified time period. A higher level of responding during the reinforcement condition than during the DRO condition demonstrates that the changes in behavior are the result of contingent reinforcement, not simply the presentation of or contact with the stimulus event. |
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Term
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Definition
| A situation that occurs when the level of responding observed in a previous phase cannot be reproduced even though the experimental conditions are the same as they were during the earlier phase. |
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Term
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Definition
| Another name for alternating treatments design. |
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Term
| multiple treatment interference |
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Definition
| The effects of one treatment on a subject's behavior being confounding by the influence of another treatment administered by the same study. |
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Term
| multiple treatment reversal design |
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Definition
| Any experimental design that uses the experimental methods and logic of the reversal tactic to compare the effects of two or more experimental conditions to baseline and/or to one another. |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure in which stimuli with known reinforcing properties are presented on fixed-time (FT) or variable-time (VT) schedules completely independent of behavior; often used as an antecedent intervention to reduced problem behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any experimental design in which the researcher attempts to verify the effect of the independent variable by "reversing" responding to a level obtained in a previous condition; encompasses experimental designs in which the independent variable is withdrawn (A-B-A-B) or reversed in its focus (e.g., DRI/DRA). |
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Term
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Definition
| The effects on a subject's behaviors in a given condition that are the result of the subject's experience with a prior condition. |
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Term
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Definition
| A term used by some authors as a synonym for A-B-A-B design; also used to describe experiments in which an effective treatment is sequentially or partially withdrawn to promote the maintenance of behavior changes. |
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