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| our minds naturally connect events that occus in sequence |
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| the inability to pick up on a second stimuli (conditioned stimuli) |
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| Second Order Conditioning |
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Definition
| procedure in which an established CS is used to condition a second neutral stimulus |
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| when the US does not follow the CS, CR begins to decrese and eventually is elimnated |
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| after a period of rest, an extinguished CR will return |
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| tendency to respond to stimuli similar to CS; Little Albert- rat & rabit |
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Definition
| ability to distinguish between a CS and other stimuli that do not signal an US- different tones in Pavlov's exp |
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Definition
| learning that an event signals the absence of the US can produce a response opposite of the original CR |
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| pre-exposure of the subject to the CS before conditioning slows the rate of CR acquisition |
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| isolating elementary behaviors from more complex ones through objective scientific procedures; look-alike packaging, classical conditioning boosts consumer sales |
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Definition
| add something good for good behavior |
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| takes something annoying away for good behavior (no beeper when seatbelt is used) |
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Term
| Primary vs Secondary Reinforcers |
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Definition
primary- innately reinforces stimuli
secondary- association with primary reinforcer (money and food) |
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| Immediate vs Delayed Reinforcers |
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Definition
immediate- instant gratitude after behavior
delayed- time before reward (paycheck) |
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| Continuous Reinforcement Schedule |
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Definition
| reinforces desired response every time it occurs |
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| Partial Reinforcements Schedule |
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Definition
| slower to learn but slower to extinct; reinforce only part of the time |
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Definition
| reinforcement after a specified number of responses |
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Definition
| reinforce after unpredictable number of responses; gambling; high resistance to extinction |
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Definition
| reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed; low response rate, "scalloped pattern" |
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| Variable-Interval Schedule |
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Definition
| reinforces response at unpredictable time intervals; produces low response rate |
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| presentation of an aversive event (parking ticket) |
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Definition
| removal of a positive event (no allowance, grounding) |
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Term
| Negative side effects of Punishment |
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Definition
| does not promote good, alternative behavior; may increase aggression |
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Term
| Alternative to Punishment |
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Definition
| use punishment to suppress behavior but also teach how to act appropriately |
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