Term
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Definition
| This material is produced when both high strength and superior corrosion resistance are desired. A thin layer of corrosion-resistant aluminum is bonded to one or both surfaces of a high-strength alloy during rolling, and the material is further processed as a composite. |
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Definition
| Has Been a commercial material for a little over 110 years; it now ranks second to steel in both worldwide quantity and expenditure and is clearly the most important nonferrous metal. Principle uses are in transportation, construction, electrical applications, containers and packaging, consumer durables, and mechanical equipment. Workability, light weight, corrosion resistance, good electrical and thermal conductivity. Low modulus of elasticity. |
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Definition
| One of the oldest and best bearing materials is an alloy of 84% tin, 8% copper, and 8% antimony/ also known as genuine or tin Babbitt. |
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Term
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Definition
| Combines a density less than aluminum with stiffness greater than steel. Used in nuclear reactors because of their low neutron-absorption characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| the resulting alloy of adding zinc to copper |
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Term
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Definition
| term used to designate any copper alloy where the major alloy addition is not zinc or nickel. For clarification, the major alloy addition is usually included in the designation name (ex. Tin bronze, aluminum bronze) |
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Term
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Definition
| include low melting point, high fluidity, and attractive as-solidified structures and properties |
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Term
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Definition
| used as a base metal for superalloys; used as a binder in various powder-based components and sintered carbides, where it provides good high-temperature strength |
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Term
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Definition
| an important engineering metal that has been in use for over 600 years. It is a pure metal that has been the backbone of the electrical industry. It is also the base of several important alloys such as brass and bronze |
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Term
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Definition
| the selective corrosion that brasses with 20 to 36 % zinc are subject to when exposed to acidic or salt solutions |
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Term
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Definition
| when an iron-based material is coated with a layer of zinc by one of a variety of processes that include direct immersion in a bath pf molten metal (hot dipping) and electrolytic plating. The resulting coating provides excellent corrosion resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| While technically not a metal, it is an engineering material that is showing considerable potential by offering properties of both a metal and nonmetal, including thermal and electrical conductivity, inertness, ability to withstand high temperature, and lubricity. It is also used a lot in composite materials |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized as hard, stiff, creep resistant and oxidation resistant; they have a yield strength that actually increases with temperature; limited by poor ductility, fracture toughness, and fatigue resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| high density coupled with strength & stiffness values among the lowest of the engineering metals; good corrosion resistant and low melting point. |
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Term
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Definition
| lightest of the commercially important metals, having a specific gravity of about 1.74; relatively weak in the pure state and for engineering purposes almost always used as an alloy |
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Term
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Definition
| 67% nickel alloy; key features include high thermal conductivity, high temperature strength, and corrosion resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| most noted for outstanding strength and corrosion resistance at high temperatures |
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Term
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Definition
| non-iron based metals or alloys that have a combination of useful properties such as resistance to corrosion, ease of fabrication, high electrical and thermal conductivity, light weight, strength at elevated temperatures, and color |
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Term
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Definition
| exceeds the temperature limits of superalloys and includes metals such as niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, rhenium, and tungsten; can be used to temperatures as high as 1650 degrees Celsius (3000 degrees Fahrenheit), provided that protective coatings are used to isolate them from gases in their operating environment |
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Term
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Definition
| a metal alloy used to join other metals and melt at a lower temperature than the metals to be joined |
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Term
| Stress-Corrosion Cracking |
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Definition
| Failure that can occur in brasses with in excess of 15% zinc. Requires the presence of both stress and corrosion, but residual stress from cold working and air can be sufficient to cause this failure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alloys usually based in nickel, iron and nickel, or cobalt that are intended for use in applications with temperatures up to and in excess of 1100C or 2000F. |
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Term
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Definition
| A system of symbols that follows the four digits of the wrought aluminum designation. They provide additional information about the condition of the alloy i.e. if it is strain hardened or annealed |
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Term
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Definition
| discussed through out the chapter as an alloy with several different metals. But specifically mentioned for its primary use as a corrosion resistant coating on steel |
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Term
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Definition
- a strong, lightweight, corrosion-resistant metal that has been of commercial importance since about 1950
- yield strength of about 415 MPa
- can be grouped into 3 classes: alpha-, beta-, and alpha-beta- |
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Term
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Definition
| shaped or fabricated in the solid state |
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Term
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Definition
- used in the galvanizing of iron and steel
- low cost, low melting point, rather weak and brittle |
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Term
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Definition
used for applications such as grinding because of their high hardness
- example: ceramic materials such as silicon carbide and aluminum oxide |
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Term
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Definition
| one form of polymerization where a number of basic units (monomers) link together to form a large molecule (polymer) in which there is a repeated unit (mer) |
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Term
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Definition
| additional materials that are incorporated into plastics to improve their properties, reduce their cost, improve their moldability, and impart color. They are usually classified as fillers, plasticizers, lubricants, coloring agents, stabilizers, antioxidants, and flame retardants. |
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Term
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Definition
| a new form of ceramics that are characterized by high strength, high fracture toughness, fine grain size and little or no porosity |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to a noncrystalline structure in solid ceramics that is known as the glassy state |
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Term
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Definition
| (graphite fibers in a graphite or carbon matrix) offer the possibility of a heat-resistant material that could operate at temperatures above 2000 degrees Celcius, with a strength that is 20 times that of conventional graphite . |
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Term
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Definition
| blended materials that are useful due to their high electrical and magnetic properties and their ability to withstand high temperatures |
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Term
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Definition
| (CMCs) offer light weight, high temperature strength and stiffness, and good dimensional and environment stability |
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Term
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Definition
| a combination of a metal and ceramic, united into a single product by the procedures of powdered metallurgy |
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Term
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Definition
| Many ceramic products are still based on clay. Various amounts of water, quartz, and feldspar are added. It is shaped, dried, and fired to produce the structural clay products of brick, roof, and structural products such as sewer and drainage pipes |
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Term
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Definition
| a non uniform material solid consisting of two or more different materials that are mechanically of metallurgically bonded together |
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Term
| Condensation Polymerization |
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Definition
| Occurs when reactive molecule combines with one another to produce and polymer plus small, by-product molecules such as water. Heat pressure and catalyst are often required to drive the reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| A special category of polymer where two different types of mers are combined into the same addition chain. The formation of copolymers greatly expands the possibilities of creating new types of plastics with improved physical and mechanical properties |
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Term
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Definition
| a process that links coiled molecules to one another by strong covalent bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| A process where the chains closely align over appreciable distance, with a companion increase in density. Crystallize has a different meaning when the term is applied to polymers or ceramics and metals. Metals and ceramics are crystallize materials meaning that the atoms occupy sites in a regular periodic array (lattice). In polymers the molecules and not the atoms become aligned |
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Term
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Definition
| the average number of mers in a polymer that ranges from 75 to 750 for commercial plastics |
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Term
| Dispersion-Strengthened Material |
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Definition
| particulate composites where a small amount of, hard, brittle, small –size particles (typically, oxides or carbides) are dispersed throughout a softer, more ductile metal matrix |
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Term
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Definition
| are a special class of linear polymers that display an exceptionally large amount of elastic deformation when a force is applied |
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Term
| Fiber-Reinforced Composites |
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Definition
| The most popular type of composite material is the fiber- reinforced composite geometry, where continuos or discontinuous thin fibers of one material are embedded in matrix of another |
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Term
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Definition
| comprise a large percentage of the total volume of a molded plastic prodcuct |
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Term
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Definition
| when some molten ceramics are cooled at a rate that exceeds a critical value, the material solidifies into a rigid, noncrystalline solid known as a glass |
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Term
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Definition
| involve two or more different types of fibers in a common matrix. Balance strength and stiffness, provide dimensional stability, reduce cost, reduce weight, or improve fatigue and fracture resistance. Types include: interply and intraply. |
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Term
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Definition
| Same kind and number of atoms can also unite in different structural arrangements, known as isomers, and these behave as different compounds with different engineering properties |
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Term
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Definition
| are those having distinct layers of material bonded together in some manner and include thin coatings, thicker protective surfaces, claddings, bimetallics, laminates, sandwiches, and others. Plywood is most common. |
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Term
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Definition
| The repeated unit formed in a large molecule (polymer). Average 75 to 750 mers in the polymer |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the four basic types of advanced composites. Created by combining a variety of ceramic or glass particles into aluminum of magnesium matrices. These are best suited for applications that require high strength, thermal conductivity, wear resistance, ductility and toughness. Can operated up to 2300°F, are non-flammable and very expensive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Created using a process that heats the material and then immediately freezes it in order to place material’s molecules in the desired location. Tensile strength usually increases by 25% ( possible up to 50%). Shrink wrap materials are a common example. |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of discrete particles of one material that is surrounded by a matrix of another material. The particles can be coarse or extremely fine. This material is isotropic (uniform in all directions). Common examples of this material include concrete, asphalt and metallurgy products |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of large molecules that build up due to the joining of smaller molecules. Natural resins that can be molded, extruded, cast, or used as coatings. Used for applications with low density, low tooling costs, corrosion resistant and versatile. Most are organic substances that contain hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| are a type additive constituent that can be added in small amounts to improve the flow of the plastic during molding or to increase the flexibility of the thermoplastic products by reducing the intermolecular contact and strength of the secondary bonds between polymer chains |
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Term
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Definition
| a number of basic units, monomers, link together forming a larger molecule, a polymer, which can greatly expand the possibilities of creating new types of plastics with improved physical and mechanical properties. |
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Term
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Definition
| ceramics that have been designed to provide acceptable mechanical or chemical properties at high operating temperatures and make take the form of bricks and shaped products, bulk materials (like coatings), and insulating ceramic fibers; there are 3 distinct classes: acidic, basic, and neutral. |
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Term
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Definition
| when basic unit monomers or molecules no longer have provision room for additional atoms to be added to be added to the molecular chain. |
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Term
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Definition
| materials with very high hardness and ceramic composition, such as manufactured diamond and cubic boron nitride have these phenomenal properties. |
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Term
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Definition
| the combining of three different monomers to greatly expand the possibilities of creating new types of plastics with improved physical and mechanical properties |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the material’s response to elevated temperatures. For these materials, the intermolecular forces strongly influence the mechanical and physical properties. |
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Term
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Definition
| response to the elevated temperature of a material when it is not a plastic. |
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Term
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Definition
A basic unit of atoms (monomer – pg. 147) that that do not have the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms(unsaturated-pg.146). This is very important to the polymerization pro
cess where small unsaturated monomers link with others to form large polymers |
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Term
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Definition
| ceramic products of sanitary ware such as toilets, sinks, and bathtubs |
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Term
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Definition
| the requirements of a manufacturing process that can not be compromised. The consequence of not meeting these requirements is product failure |
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Term
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Definition
| used in a method for a design and material selection problem. The case history method involves evaluating what has been done, and what is currently being done by competitors in order to arrive at a similar solution. The assumption is that similar requirements can be attained with similar solutions. |
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Term
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Definition
| during this stage, the designer is concerned primarily with the functions that the product is to fulfill. Several concepts are often considered, and a determination is made that the concept is either not practical, or is sound and should be developed further |
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Term
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Definition
| When evaluating materials, it should not be considered as an important selection factor until a material has been shown to meet the necessary property requirement |
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Term
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Definition
| the first in the manufacturing process; the determining in rather precise detail what to produce, what properties it must possess, what to make it out of, how to make it, how many to make, ad how it will ultimately be used |
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Term
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Definition
| during this a workable design is developed, including a detailed plan for manufacturing; geometric features are determined and dimensions are specified, along with allowable tolerance; specific materials are selected for each component; consideration is given to appearance, cost, reliability, productibility, and serviceability, in addition to the various functional factors |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the area of concern dealing with the variety of factors that will directly influence the method of manufacturing. Examples of some concerns are amount of production, quality control, (dis)/assembly concerns and design issues. It is important to note that once all factors and service conditions are listed, an importance scale should be assigned to each |
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Term
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Definition
| Material availibility is part of manufacturing conerns as the material selected may not be available in the size, quantity or shape desired. The reliability of supply is also another major concern especially if the material is imported from a limited number of sources. |
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Term
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Definition
| The selection of an appropriate material and its subsequent conversion into a useful product with desired shape and properties. |
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Term
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Definition
| The substitution of a new material into an existing design or manufacturing system. Quite often, the substitution brings about improved quality, reduced cost, ease of manufacturing, simplified assembly, or enhanced performance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the responsibility of the company to account for all facets of a product’s use or misuse, safety precautions, quality control, material selection, and current material information |
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Term
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Definition
| Stage in the design process where it is determined whether the specified materials are compatible with the manufacturing processes and equipment |
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Term
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Definition
| A working model constructed to permit full evaluation of a product |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to be recycled |
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Term
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Definition
| products that will adequately perform needed and intended tasks and meet the requirements |
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Term
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Definition
| the shape and precision and with companion material structures that are optimized for in which the component must withstand |
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