Term
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Definition
A process by which
individuals organize and interpret their
sensory impressions in order to give
meaning to their environment. |
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Term
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Definition
An attempt to
determine whether an individual’s
behavior is internally or externally
caused. |
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Term
| fundamental attribution error |
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Definition
The
tendency to underestimate the
influence of external factors and
overestimate the influence of internal
factors when making judgments about
the behavior of others. |
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Term
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Definition
The tendency for
individuals to attribute their own
successes to internal factors and put
the blame for failures on external
factors. |
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Term
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Definition
The tendency
to selectively interpret what one
sees on the basis of one’s interests,
background, experience, and attitudes. |
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Term
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Definition
The tendency to draw a
general impression about an individual
on the basis of a single characteristic. |
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Term
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Definition
Evaluation of a
person’s characteristics that is affected
by comparisons with other people
recently encountered who rank higher
or lower on the same characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
Judging someone on the
basis of one’s perception of the group
to which that person belongs. |
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Term
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Definition
A situation in
which a person inaccurately perceives
a second person, and the resulting
expectations cause the second person
to behave in ways consistent with the
original perception. |
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Term
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Definition
Choices made from among
two or more alternatives. |
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Term
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Definition
A discrepancy between
the current state of affairs and some
desired state. |
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Term
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Definition
Characterized by making
consistent, value-maximizing choices
within specified constraints. |
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Term
| rational decision-making model |
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Definition
A
decision-making model that describes
how individuals should behave in
order to maximize some outcome. |
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Term
| Steps in the Rational Decision-Making Model |
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Definition
1. Define the problem.
2. Identify the decision criteria.
3. Allocate weights to the criteria.
4. Develop the alternatives.
5. Evaluate the alternatives.
6. Select the best alternative. |
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Term
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Definition
A process of
making decisions by constructing
simplified models that extract the
essential features from problems
without capturing all their complexity. |
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Term
| intuitive decision making |
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Definition
An
unconscious process created out of
distilled experience. |
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Term
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Definition
A tendency to fixate
on initial information, from which
one then fails to adequately adjust for
subsequent information. |
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Term
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Definition
The tendency to
seek out information that reaffirms
past choices and to discount
information that contradicts past
judgments. |
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Term
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Definition
The tendency for
people to base their judgments on
information that is readily available to
them. |
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Term
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Definition
An
increased commitment to a previous
decision in spite of negative
information. |
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Term
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Definition
The tendency of
individuals to believe that they can
predict the outcome of random events. |
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Term
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Definition
The tendency to prefer
a sure gain of a moderate amount over
a riskier outcome, even if the riskier
outcome might have a higher expected
payoff. |
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Term
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Definition
The tendency to
believe falsely, after an outcome of
an event is actually known, that one
would have accurately predicted that
outcome. |
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Term
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Definition
A system in which
decisions are made to provide the
greatest good for the greatest number. |
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Term
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Definition
Individuals who
report unethical practices by their
employer to outsiders. |
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Term
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Definition
The ability to produce novel
and useful ideas. |
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Term
three-component model of
creativity |
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Definition
The proposition that
individual creativity requires expertise,
creative thinking skills, and intrinsic
task motivation. |
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