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Ch.6 sec 1-3
sec 1-3
30
History
10th Grade
03/22/2012
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Term
HERNAN CORTES
 Definition
  1. Spanish conqueror of Mexico
  2. introduced naitves to the holy Catholic faith
  3. wanted to convert the natives to christianity
  4. Spanish Conquistador
  5. From spain
Term
PORTUGAL
 Definition
  1. took lead in European exploration
  2. beginning in 1420
  3. southwestern europe
  4. borded mainly by water
  5. borded by spain in th south
Term
VASCO DA GAMA
 Definition
  1. went around the cape
  2. cut across the indian ocean to the coast of india
  3. on may 1598 arrived  off the port of Calicut
  4. he took a cargo of spices
  5. sailed for portugal
Term
MELAKA
 Definition
  1. albuquerque sailed here
  2. a thriving spice trade post 
  3. on the malay peninsula
  4. this would destroy arab control of the spuced
  5. will provide the portuguese with a way station
Term
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
 Definition
  1. believed he could reach asia if he sailed west
  2. went on the coast of cuba
  3. persuaded Queen Isabella of spain to finance an exploration
  4. sailed for spain
  5. he though he reached asia after 3 voyages
Term
CUBA
 Definition
  1. island of hispaniola
  2. found by christopher colombus
  3. in  the carribean
  4. their are a lot of mestizos there
  5. Cuba remained a territory of Spain until the Spanish–American Warended in 1898
Term
FERDINAND MAGELLAN
 Definition
  1. portuguese explorer
  2. born in Sabrosa
  3. Magellan's expedition of 1519–1522 became the first expedition to sail from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific Ocean
  4. first to cross the Pacific

  5. called the pacific ocean  peaceful sea 
Term
JOHN CABOT
 Definition
  1. italian navigator
  2. an explorer
  3. 1450-1499
  4. discover parts of north america
  5. 1st european to encounter with the continent of north america
Term
AMERIGO VESPUCCI
 Definition
  1. italian explorer
  2. navigator and cartographer
  3. where the americas got their name
  4. had 4 voyages
  5. died at the age of 57
Term
CONQUISTADORS
 Definition
  1. a spanish
  2. conqueror of the Americas
  3. individuals whose firearms, organizational skills and determination 
  4. who brought incrdible success
  5. establiched colonies
Term
MONTEZUMA
 Definition
  1. aslo spelt Moctezuma
  2. Aztec monrach
  3. welcomed cortes
  4. king of tenochtitlan
  5. aztec empire was consolidated during his reign
Term
FRANCISCO PIZARRO
 Definition
  1. landed on the pacific coast of south america in 1530
  2. from spain
  3. was a catholic
  4. lived during the inca empire
  5. years of service 1496-1541
Term
ENCOMIENDA
 Definition
  1. a system of labor
  2. used by spanish
  3. used in the americas
  4. spanish landowners had the right as granted by queen isabella
  5. to use Native americans as  laborers
Term
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
 Definition
  1. exchange of plants and animals 
  2. between europe and the Americas
  3. transformed economic activity in both worlds
  4. ex. potatoes
  5. during 16th & 17 century
Term
COLONY
 Definition
  1. settlement of people living in a new territory
  2. linked witb the paretn country
  3. by trade and direct government control
  4. these played a role in the theory of  mercantilism
  5. potugal ans spain , european nations established many trading posts and colonies
Term
MERCANTILISM
 Definition
  1. a set of principles that dominated ecomnomic thought
  2. in the 17 century
  3. it held that prosperity of a nation
  4. nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver
  5. colonies played a role in the theor of this
Term
BALANCE OF TRADE
 Definition
  1. th difference in value betewwn what a nation imports and what it exports over time
  2. tried to keep it favorable
  3. could bring in gold and silver payments
  4. when favorable the good exported are of greater value
  5. made them wealthier
Term
SUBSIDIES
 Definition
  1. payments
  2. government payment to encourage or protext a certain economic activity
  3. we granted to new industries 
  4. improved transportation systems
  5. was used to encourage exports, government stimualted industries
Term
PLANTATIONS
 Definition
  1. a large agricultural estate
  2. were established in the 1500s
  3.  along the coast of brazul
  4. also on the Caribbean islands
  5. were they grew sugarcane
Term
TRIANGULAR TRADE
 Definition
  1. a pattern of trade
  2. it connected europe, Africam and the american continent
  3. typically manufactured goods from europe were sent to africa
  4.  good were exchanged for slaves
  5. slaves were exchanged for raw materials
Term
MIDDLE PASSAGE
 Definition
  1. the journey of enslaved people from Afirca to the Americas
  2. the middle portion on the triangular trade route
  3. many enslaved africans died on the journey
  4. the others usually died of diseases
  5. Africans had little to no immunity to these diseases
Term
KING AFONSO
 Definition
  1. king of Congo
  2. reigned from 1509-late 1542 or 1543
  3. wrote a series of letter complaining about the behavior of the portuguese
  4. during his reign they had a role in slave trade
  5. he threatened to closed the trade
Term
BENIN
 Definition
  1. a case
  2. a place in west africa
  3. were slave trade had a devasting effect 
  4. was pulled into slave trade
  5. was a brilliant and creative society in 1500s
Term
BRAZIL
 Definition
  1.  donminated by portugal
  2. 1500
  3. in south america
  4. largest country in south american 
  5.  now worlds 5th  largest country
Term
PENINSULARES
 Definition
  1. top of the social classes
  2. were spanish adn portuguese officials
  3. those who had been born in europe
  4. those who held all important government positions
  5. above the creoles
Term
CREOLES
 Definition
  1. were bellow the peninsulares
  2. person of europena decent
  3. was born in the new world
  4. lived in the new worl permanently
  5. controled land and business
Term
MESTIZOS
 Definition
  1. offspring of  europeans and native americans
  2. a person of racially mixed ancestry
  3. 1580-90
  4. in a period of 3 centuries as many as 8 million enslaved Africans were brought to work on the plantaitons
  5. other groups emerged as a result of union between mestizos and mulattoes and between native americans and africans
Term
MULATTOES
 Definition
  1. the ofspring of Africans and Europeans
  2. became another social group
  3. a mixed person
  4. some one with African and eruopean descent
  5. other groups emerged as a result of union between mestizos and mulattoes and between native americans and africans
Term
MITA
 Definition
  1. a labor system
  2. used by the spanish administrators
  3. used to draft native people
  4. made native people work in the spanish landowners' silver mines
  5. used by the spanish in peru
Term
JUANA INES DE LA CRUZ
 Definition
  1. wrote poetry
  2. she prose
  3. urged women be educated
  4. was a nun
  5. worked outside her convents
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