Term
| What happens in interphase 1? |
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Definition
| The chromosome replicates. |
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Term
| What happens during Prophase 1? |
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Definition
| The chromosome becomes visible |
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Term
| What happens during Metaphase 1? |
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Definition
| The sister chromatids form tetrads at the equator. |
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Term
| What happens during Anaphase 1? |
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Definition
| Homologous chromosomes move AWAY to poles |
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Term
| What happens during Telophase 1? |
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Definition
| Chromosomes reach ENDs of cells at poles |
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Term
| What happens during Intekinesis? |
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Definition
| Nuclear membranes form and no replication of chromosomes |
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Term
| What happens during Prophase 2? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens during Metaphase 2? |
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Definition
| Chromosomes align at equator |
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Term
| What happens during Anaphase 2? |
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Definition
| Sister chromatids seperate |
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Term
| What happens during Telophase 2? |
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Definition
| Chromatids arrive at end and cytokinesis begins. |
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Term
| Meiosis is a ______ cell division process, which results in 4 _______ with one _______ of chromosomes of the parent cell. |
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Definition
| Meiosis is a two-part cell division process, which results in 4 gametes with one half the # of chromosomes of the parent cell. |
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Term
| what do Mitosis and Meiosis have in common? |
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Definition
1. Chromosomes duplicate during Interphase 2. Both a type of cell division 3. Both required to sustain life. |
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Term
| During _______, the homologous chromosomes line up together and form tetrads. |
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Definition
| During metaphase 1, the homologous chromosomes line up together and form tetrads. |
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Term
| Crossing over takes place when two chromosomes, break and then ________ but to the _______ end piece. |
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Definition
| Crossing over takes place when two chromosomes, break and then reconnect but to the different end piece. |
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Term
| Crossing over increases the _____________ that can exist in offspring. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an "accident" during meiosis, when chromosomes fail to sepeate correctly? |
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Definition
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Term
| In most cases of nondisjunction, the presence of an additional chromosome or missing chromosome reults in what? |
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Definition
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Term
| When you are born, doctors take a sample of your blood and create a ___________. This will enable the doctor to see if you have any additional or missing chromosomes. |
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Definition
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Term
| A karyotype is a standardized arrangement of all the ____________ of a cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| Homologous chromosomes are ________. then they are put in the order from _________ chromosome to the smallest. |
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Definition
| Homologous chromosomes are paired up. then they are put in the order from largest chromosome to the smallest. |
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Term
| Down's syndrome : AKA _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Turner's syndrome : AKA _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Kleinfelter's syndrome : AKA _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Patau's syndrome : AKA ________ |
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Definition
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Term
Cell division allows organisoms to: -reproduce asexually (_______ _______) -grow -_______ or _______ tissue -form ______ (reproductive cells) |
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Definition
Cell division allows organisoms to: -reproduce asexually (binary fission) -grow -repair or replace tissue -form gametes (reproductive cells) |
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Term
| Explain the structure of a chromosome. |
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Definition
-long, thin strand of DNA, usually not visible - Before cell division,the chromosomes condense and become visible -At cell division, each chromosome consist of two chromatids attatched at the centromere. |
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Term
| Explain "Chromosome Number" |
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Definition
-Each organism has a characteristic # of chromosomes -Human somatic cells (all cells but sperm or egg) have two cpies of 23 different chromosomes(46total). These are called homologous chromosomes. |
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Term
| Explain "Gamete Chromosome Number" |
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Definition
Gamete have only half of the homologus paid (23 total), called haploid cells. |
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Term
| Explain the sex chromosome pair (XX and XY) |
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Definition
XX is a female XY is a male. |
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Term
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Definition
The cytoplasm divides -animals--belf of protein threads pinches the cell membrane in half -plants--a cell plate forms between the two new cells |
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Term
| What happens when control is lose during cell division? |
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Definition
Cancer is the result. -A tumor is the uncontrolled growth of cells. |
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Term
| No pairing of homologs occours:Mitosis or Meiosis, or BOTH? |
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Definition
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Term
| There are two divisions:Mitosis or Meiosis, or BOTH? |
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Definition
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Term
| Four daughter cells are produced::Mitosis or Meiosis, or BOTH? |
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Definition
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Term
| Associated with growth and asexual reproduction:Mitosis or Meiosis, or BOTH? |
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Definition
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Term
| One division:Mitosis or Meiosis, or BOTH? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two daughter cells are produced:Mitosis or Meiosis, or BOTH? |
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Definition
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Term
| Involves duplication of chromosomes:Mitosis or Meiosis, or BOTH? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chromosome number is halved:Mitosis or Meiosis, or BOTH? |
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Definition
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Term
| Daughter cells are not identical to parent cell:Mitosis or Meiosis, or BOTH? |
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Definition
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Term
| Daughter cells are identical to parent cell:Mitosis or Meiosis, or BOTH? |
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Definition
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Term
| Produces gametes:Mitosis or Meiosis, or BOTH? |
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Definition
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Term
| Put these in order from 1st to 6th : Prophase, Metaphase, Interphase, Telophase, Anaphase, and cytokensis. |
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Definition
1. Interphase 2. Prophase 3. Metaphase 4. Anaphase 5. Telophase 6. Cytokenisis |
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Term
| What is an organism's reprouctive cell, such as sperm or egg cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the form of asexual reproduction that produces identical offspring? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule?? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two exact copies of DNA that make up each chromosome? |
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Definition
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Term
| The two chromatids of a chromosome are attatched at a point called a __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and genetic content? |
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Definition
| Homologous chromosomes [HOMO=SAME] |
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Term
| When a cell, such as a gamete, contains one set of chromosomes, called _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| When a cell, such as a somatic cell, contains two sets of chromosomes called ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a fertilized egg cell, the first cell of a new individiual? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining the gender of an individual? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a photo of the chromosomes in a dividing cell that shows the chromosomes arranged by size? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a repeating sequence of cellular growth and division during the life of an organism? |
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Definition
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Term
| A cell spends 90 percent of its time in the first three phases of the cell cycle, also known as ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell is divided into two nuclei? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm divides? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are cell structures made up of both centrioles and individual microtubule fibers that are involved in moving chromosomes during cell division? |
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Definition
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Term
| What occours when portions of a chromatid on one homologous chromosome are broken and exchanged with the corresponding chromatid portions of the other homologous chromosome? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the form of cell division that halves the number of chromosomes when forming specialized reproductive cells, such as gametes or spores? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the random distribution of homologous chromosomes during meiosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the process by which sperm are produced in male animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four cells that change in form and develop a tail to become male gametes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the process by which gametes are produced in female animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the larger cell develops into a gamete called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a single parent passes copies of all of its genes to each of its offspring? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an organism that is genetically identical to its parent? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two parents each form reproductive cells that have one-half the number of chromosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the entire span in the life of an organism from one generation to the next? |
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Definition
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Term
| The gametes join in a process called __________, which results in a diploid zygote. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a haploid reproductive cellproduced by meiosis that is capable of developing into an adult without fusing with another cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the life cycle of a plant, the ____________ is the haploid phase that produces gametes by mitosis. |
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Definition
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