Term
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Definition
| sum of all chemical rxns in an organism |
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Term
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Definition
-breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones
-releases energy (bonds broken) |
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Definition
-building of complex organic compounds from simpler ones
-requires energy |
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Definition
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Term
| substrate level phosphorylation |
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Definition
| when a high energy Pi is directly transferred from a phosphorylated compound to ADP |
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Term
| oxidative phosphorylation |
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Definition
-electrons are transferred from organic compound to one group of electron carriers(NAD+ and FAD)
-electrons are then passed through a series of different carriers to molecules of oxygen or other oxidized inorganic and organic molecules |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-specific to photosynthetic organisms
-electrons are released from chlorophyll by light and taken over by an ETC |
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Term
| 2 processes to produce energy from glucose |
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Definition
-cellular respiration
-fermentation |
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Term
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Definition
-starts with glycolysis
-pyruvic acid is produced and processed in Krebs cycle and then ETC
-total yield 38 ATP/glucose |
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Term
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Definition
pyruvic acid is converted into one or more different products such as ethanol, lactic acid, acetic acid, etc.
-total yield 2 ATP/glucose |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -final electron acceptor is oxygen yields 38 ATP |
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Term
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Definition
-final electron acceptor is inorganic molecule other than O2 (sometimes organic)
-NO3-, SO42-,CO32-
-always yields less than 38 ATP |
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Term
| alternate pathways to glycolysis |
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Definition
-pentose phosphate pathway
-Entner-Doudoroff pathway
-fermentation
-lipid catabolism
-protein catabolism |
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Term
| pentose phosphate pathway |
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Definition
-provides a way to breakdown 5-carbon sugars
-produces a 5C sugar involved in the synthesis of nucleic acids, glucose from CO2 in photosynthesis and certain amino acids
-ex. B. subtilis, E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis
-Net gain 1ATP/glucose (vs 2 in glycolysis) |
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Term
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Definition
-allows to metabolize glucose w/o glycolysis or pentose phosphate pathway
-net gain 1 ATP and 1 NADPH
-ex. rhizobium, pseudosomonas, agrobacterium |
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Term
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Definition
-releases energy from sugars or other organic molecules (amino acids, purines, pyrimidines)
-doesnt require oxygen
-organic molecule as e- acceptor
-1-2 ATP produced (only during glycolysis) |
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Term
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Definition
-lipids
-glycerol-glycolysis-pyruvic acid-acetyl CoA-Krebs
-fatty acid-Acetyl CoA-Krebs |
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Term
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Definition
-protein broke down by pepsidase or protease
-deamination, decarboylation, or dehydrogenation |
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Term
| biochemical tests based on microbial metabolism |
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Definition
-detection of amino acid catabolyzing enzymes
-fermentation test for detection of acid and gas production (durham tube)
-peptone agar containing ferric acid-if bacteria produce H2S, it comebines with Fe to form FeS |
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Term
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Definition
-plants, algae, cyanobacteria
-purple sulfur and green sulfur bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
-light energy is used to convert ADP to ATP by photophosphorylation
-conversion of NADP+ to NADPH
-in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, chlorophyll a absorbs energy from light
-purple and green sulfur bacteria use bacteriochlorophylls
-cyclic and noncyclic |
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Term
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Definition
-Calvin Benson cycle
-Co2 is fixed and used to synthesize sugars |
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Term
| why fermentation takes place in the absence of oxygen |
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Definition
| -means to restore electron carrier NADH to oxidized state so it can re-enter glycolysis |
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