Term
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Definition
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
stimulates thyroid gland to secret thyroid hormone |
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Term
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Definition
Follicle-stimulating hormone
stimulates follicles in ovaries to grow and secret estrogens |
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Term
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Definition
Growth Hormone
accelerates anabolism of proteins and catabolism of fats; slows catabolism of glucose |
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Term
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Definition
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
stimulates adrenal cortex to increase in size and to secrete it's hormones |
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Term
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Definition
Luteinizing Hormone
Stimulates ovarian follicles and ovum to develope and secrete estrogens
causes ovulation |
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Term
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Definition
stimulates breast development during pregnancy
stimulates milk secretion after the baby comes |
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Term
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Definition
Parathyroid hormone
increases calcium concentration in the blood
also regulates the amt of phosphorus in the blood |
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Term
| What 2 hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete? |
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Definition
epinephrine and norepinephrine- cause heart and b/p rate to increase, blood vessels to constrict and liver to release glucose for immediate energy
"fight or flight" response |
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Term
| 2 Hormones released by the Posterior pituatary gland? |
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Definition
Oxytocin
promotes release of milk and stimulates uterine contractions during labor
Antidiuretic hormone
aka vasopressin
causes the kidneys to conserve water by decreasing the amt of urine produced |
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Term
| What are the endocrine cells of the pancreas? |
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Definition
collectively as the islets of langerhans
beta cells secrete insulin in response to the increased levels of glucose in the blood
alpha cells secrete glucagon
in response to decreased levels of glucose in the blood |
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Term
| What 2 hormones do the ovaries produce? |
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Definition
estrogen and progesterone
responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics such as pit and pubic hair and maturation of reproductive organs |
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Term
| what hormone does the testes release? |
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Definition
testosterone
responsible for development of male secondary sex characteristics such as pit, pubic, and facial hair, maturation of the repro organs, deepening of the voice |
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Term
| Thymus gland secretes what hormone? |
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Definition
thymosin
programs T lymphocytes to carry out immune reactions to certain antigens |
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Term
| What hormone does the pineal gland secrete? |
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Definition
Melatonin
inhibits repro activities, induce sleep, inpacts menstrual cycle |
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Term
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Definition
caused by an overproduction of GH
typically caused by growth of a benign tumor |
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Term
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Definition
enlarged cranium and lower jaw
separated and maloccluded teeth
bulging forehead
bulbous nose
thick lips
enlarged tongue
and general coursening of the facial features
voice deepens as a result of hypertrophy of the vocal cords
hands and feet grow larger
fingertips club
males become impotent while females take on a generally more masculine appearence |
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Term
| when does acromegaly typically manifest? |
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Definition
| typically in the third or fourth decade of life. typically 7-9 yrs pass b/t the onset of s/s and final dx |
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Term
Subjective data for acromegaly
Objective data for acromegaly |
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Definition
headaches, vision disturbances and painful stiff joints
ongoing assessment of bone/joint enlargement m/b gait changes and decreasing ability to do things |
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Term
| Medical TX for acromegaly |
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Definition
surgery to remove the tumors
radiation therapy
drugs such as dopamine agonists and somatostatin (inhibits production of GH) |
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Term
| Nursing interventions for acromegaly |
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Definition
| generally supportive; assess ability to perform ADL's due to weakness and awknowlege changes in body image |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hypopituitary dwarfism is caused by a deficiency of GH |
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Term
Clinical manifestations of dwarfism
(4) |
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Definition
pts are well proportioned/well nourished but appear younger than age
problems w/ dentition as permanent teeth come in d/t underdeveloped jaws
sexual development is normal but delayed
able to produce normal offspring |
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Term
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Definition
replacement of GH by injection and the addition of other hormones needed to correct deficiencies
if tumor is the cause of dwarfism, surgery is req'd |
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Term
| diabetes insipidus (4 things) |
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Definition
transient or permanent metabolic disorder of the posterior pituitary in which ADH is deficient occurs
when either the secretion or action of ADH goes awry
results in electrolyte and fluid imbalances
primary or secondary to other con'd |
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Term
| s/s of diabetes insipidus |
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Definition
polyuria and intense polydipsia
the urine is very dilute
pt craves cold or icy water but is still dehydrated w/ increased levels of NA+ in the blood |
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Term
| 2 things to assess w/ diabetes insipidus? |
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Definition
| skin turgor and s.g. of urine/color |
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Term
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Definition
AKA graves disease
increased activity of the thyroid gland w/ an overproduction of T3 and T4
pts metabolic processes are exaggerated |
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Term
| classic sign of hyperthyroidism |
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Definition
| exophthalmos-bulging of the eyeballs |
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Term
subjective data for hyperthyroidism
(4) |
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Definition
dyshapgia and may be hoarse
weight loss
pt reports feeling nervous, jittery
insomnia |
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Term
| objective data for hyperthyroidism |
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Definition
| pulse is rapid b/p elevated bruit may be auscultated over the thyroid skin is warm and flushed female may cease to menstrate intolerance to heat and diaphoresis tremors of hands |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Metabolic Processes and Graves disease |
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Definition
| they are exaggerated d/t the oversecretion of T3 and T4 |
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Term
Type I Diabetes Mellitus
cause and onset?
tx? |
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Definition
Insulin not produced
Juvenile onset
insulin dependent, parenteral insulin |
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Term
Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Cause and Onset?
TX? |
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Definition
body does not produce/secrete enough insulin
adult onset
dietary modifications and exercise
PO antihyperglycemics are preferred over insulin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
B/S of 180 or greater
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
positive ketones in the urine |
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Term
| Metabolic Syndrome "Syndrom X" |
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Definition
increased waist circumference greater than 40
increased triglycerides greater than 150 mg/dl
decreased HDL choloesterol
increased B/P 130/85 or higher
increased Fasting Plasma Glucose greater than 100 mg/dl |
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Term
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Definition
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
type I untreated
S/S:
fruity breath
tachycardia
hypotention
acidosis
increased b/s greater than 240mg/dl
hyperkalemia
polyuria
thirsty
kussmaul respirations |
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Term
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Definition
hydration
insulin
electrolyte replacement |
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Term
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Definition
hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome
type II untreated |
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Term
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Definition
give isotonic solution
to increase renal blood flow, blood pressure, to decrease HR
IV of insulin by IVP
goal is no ketones in urine |
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Term
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Definition
GI upset, confused, disoriented, act like they are drunk
no ketones d/t some functioning beta cells |
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Term
What sets off DKA and HHNKS?
Which is acute and which is chronic? |
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Definition
both set off by stressors
DKA is acute, quick onset, fairly easy to treat
HHNKS is chronic |
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Term
| Angiotensin II is a ________? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 long term complications from Diabetes mellitus? |
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Definition
1. Diabetic retinopathy
2. renal failure
3. cardiac problems |
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Term
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Definition
| improves symptoms of hypothyroidism |
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Term
| surgical tx for hyperthyroidism |
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Definition
subtotal thyroidectomy
approx 5/6 of the thyroid gland is removed.
if too much of the gland is taken it cannot regenerate so hypothyroidism can result |
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Term
| nursing interventions for a thyroidectomy (4) |
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Definition
keep bed in semi-Fowler's position w/ pillow supporting the head and shoulders
avoid hyperextending the neck to prevent excessive tension on the incision
cool mist humidifier may help sooth the throat
teach pt deep breathing and coughing exercises as orderd by MD |
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Term
| complication of a thyroidectomy? |
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Definition
deficient levels of PTH in the blood leading to low serum calcium
symptoms include tingling/numbness in the fingertips and toes and around the mouth |
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