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Definition
| during the Middle Ages, all of Western Europe as essentially united as Christians and citizens of the Holy Roman Empire. |
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| Referred to as "the second Constantine" (123) |
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| Who crowned Charlemagne Emperor? (123) |
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Definition
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| T/F. Charlemagne felt that he ruled in God's name and was not subservient to the pope. (124) |
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| One of the few manuscripts to survive the Viking invasions and destruction of Irish monasteries. |
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| Charlemagne's offer to the conquered pagan Saxons: be Baptized or die. |
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| Three invading groups following Chalemagne's death (124) |
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Definition
| Saracens, Magyars, and Vikings |
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Term
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Definition
| a pyramid structure for society during the Middle Ages |
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Term
| Frequency of prayer included in the Divine Office (129) |
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Definition
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| Another name for the Divine Office (129) |
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Definition
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| Name three challenges to the spiritual leadership of the Church of the Middle Ages. (128) |
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Definition
| lay investiture, simony, and celibacy |
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Term
| What was lay investiture? |
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Definition
| The practice of kings, lords, or vassals having control over or making appointments of church officials such as bishops and abbots. |
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Term
| What was the "Truce of God"? |
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Definition
| A movement that called for Christian warriors to stop fighting during Christmas, Lent, special saints' feast days and other times. |
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Term
| What four reforms are credited to Margaret of Scotland? (132) |
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Definition
| 1. No work on Sunday; 2. Observance seasons of Advent and Lent; 3. Reception of the Eucharist on Easter; 4. missionary work for the sick and housing for the poor |
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Term
| The Cyrillic alphabet (131) |
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Definition
| An alphabet developed by Sts. Cyril and Methodius for the Slavic language which, until then, only existed in spoken form. |
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